Theories of Developmental Psychology

There are various hypotheses of formative brain science. Postulations speculations have endeavored to clarify changes in human practices because of specific conditions or circumstances. Despite the way that various examinations have concentrated on children’s improvement, there is an expanding enthusiasm for the conduct of elderly individuals also (Papalia, Olds Feldman, 2007, p.2). This paper will accordingly talk about the qualities and shortcomings of two speculations of formative psychology.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Theories of Developmental Psychology explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Attachment Theory John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth are viewed as the writers of connection hypothesis. John Bowlby contrived the key standards of the hypothesis by depending on thoughts from artificial intelligence, ethology, formative brain science and data preparing. Ainsworth’s innovative approach encouraged the exact testing of the hyp othesis of connection. Ainsworth likewise created the idea of the connection figure as a safe platform which a kid can use to investigate the general public (Bretherton, 1992, p.759). Connection is seen as a characteristic framework that changes itself to ensure proceeded with endurance of a youngster. Kids have a characteristic propensity to look for physical, mental and enthusiastic help from people they are joined to (Bretherton, 1992, p.759). Bowlby built up his hypothesis subsequent to filling in as a willful specialist in an organization for maladjusted kids. Bowlby was for the most part impacted by his involvement in two youngsters at the establishment. The primary kid was an amazingly affectionless and confined adolescent who didn't have a steady mother figure. The subsequent one was an anxious eight years of age kid who tailed him all over the place (Bretherton, 1992, p.760). Bowlby’s hypothesis depended intensely on Lorenz’s ethological hypothesis (particular ly his exploration of engraving). Lorenz utilized youthful ducklings in his examination to show that connection involved endurance. Bowlby recommended that connection practices are natural and that a youngster will undoubtedly feel shaky and apprehensive when the connection figure is missing. He additionally affirmed that the dread of outsiders is an inborn conduct property that a kid is brought into the world with. This intrinsic conduct empowers a kid to keep up nearness with his/her connection figure (Bowlby, 1980, p.2). The connection hypothesis causes us comprehend the significance of a connection figure in forming the child’s character. A kid is probably going to encounter mental and enthusiastic scatters when the connection framework is broken (Bowlby, 1980, p.4). Pickover (2002) states that youngsters brought up in an unreliable connection framework are generally unwelcoming to new make sure about connections designs (p.3).Advertising Looking for paper on brain scienc e? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More moreover, they regularly become genuinely pulled back. Notwithstanding, when kids are raised in a safe connection framework, they can associate with others and simultaneously keep up close relations with their connection figures (Pickover, 2002, p. 3). Impediments of the Attachment hypothesis Bowlby’s connection hypothesis has pulled in reactions from some clinician. As per Bowlby, the character of a youngster is essentially impacted by his/her connection figure (particularly the mother). For instance, Bowlby declares that a kid will grow up to be an unreliable individual if his/her folks are careless. Nonetheless, Harris gives an alternate perspective. He affirms that guardians are by all account not the only individuals that change their children’s activities. He asserts that natural factors and companion pressure impact the conduct of youngsters (Harris, 1998, p. 5). Bowlb y accept that the mother relative, (for example, fathers and kin) can likewise impact the conduct of little youngsters. At last, Bowlby’s connection hypothesis loans more trustworthiness on the distressing conditions (instead of the non-unpleasant conditions) that a kid experiences during transitory detachment from his/her mom (Fraley Spieker, 2003, p. 8). Social Learning Theory The social learning hypothesis was created by Robert Sears trying to clarify factors that impact human practices (Grusec, 1992, p.776). The social learning hypothesis depends on â€Å"socialization forms that had an especially solid effect on exploration and hypothesis in social formative psychology† (Grusec, 1992, p.777). As such, this hypothesis endeavors to comprehend the procedure in which youngsters become familiar with the practices, mentalities and qualities rehearsed by different individuals from the general public. The social learning hypothesis likewise centers around issues, for exam ple, the achievement of socially supported sex-job practices, the control of antagonistic vibe and the battle with allure and blame. Singes states that guardians assume a significant job in helping their kids to disguise the socially acknowledged practices. He additionally expresses that the disguise procedure is extraordinarily influenced by parents’ conduct (Grusec, 1992, p.777). The social learning hypothesis depends on three key perspectives. These are animosity, reliance and distinguishing proof. Sears’ appraisal of hostility depended vigorously on Freud’s early ideas of animosity. Freud attested that hostility was a side-effect of dissatisfaction. As indicated by Freud, â€Å"aggression is credited to a drive†¦linked to involvement in disappointing events† (Grusec, 1992, p.777). Singes stated that animosity could be eased by means of a learning procedure. Reliance is another basic component tended to by the social learning hypothesis. As per Se ars, the nearness of reliance is ascribed to the way that youngsters gangs various drives which are decreased by their moms. Burns contends that a youngster can copy his/her mother’s properties through perception (during the newborn child mother matching minutes, for example, bosom feeding).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Theories of Developmental Psychology explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More He further expresses that the longing by the baby to be near his/her mom yields subordinate practices that are reinforced by nurturing consideration (Grusec, 1992, p.778). Sears’ hypothesis likewise loans assurance to the job of recognizable proof in character improvement. At the point when little youngsters build up a reliance drive; they see activities of their moms as fundamental components of their own personal conduct standards (Grusec, 1992, p.778). Confinements of Social Learning Theory Sears’ social learning hypothesis has neglected to stand the trial of time. The hypothesis makes central presumptions with respect to human activities. For example, the hypothesis overlooks the essential organic rules that are basic to the social learning process. Clearly Sears experienced issues as he endeavored to depict the development of drives. He at last disposed of the thought of drives and depended on the ideas of impetus and support. Thusly, his hypothesis lost its special traits (Grusec, 1992, p.779). To summarize it, the two speculations underline on the job of grown-up people and the socio-social condition in taking care of business children’s conduct. Essentially, Bowlby accepted that connection framework was an indispensable viewpoint that encouraged a nearby bond among youngsters and their moms. So also, Robert Sears’ social learning hypothesis endeavors to clarify factors that impact human practices. In any case, the two speculations don't give satisfactory clarifications as for formative brain science. References Bowlby, J. (1980) Loss: Sadness Depression. Connection and Loss (vol. 3); (International psycho-investigative library no.109). London: Hogarth Press. Bretherton, I. (1992). The Origins of Attachment Theory: John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Formative Psychology, 28, 759-775. Fraley, R. C., Spieker, S. J. (2003) Are newborn child connection designs consistently or completely appropriated? A taxometric examination of unusual circumstance conduct. Formative Psychology, 39, 387-404. Grusec, J.E. (1992) Social Learning Theory and Developmental Psychology: The Legacies of Robert Sears and Albert Bandura. Formative Psychology, 28, 776-786.Advertising Searching for exposition on brain science? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Harris, J. R. (1998) The Nurture Assumption: Why kids turn out the manner in which they do. York: The Free Press. Mith, P.K., Cowie, H., Blades, M. (2008) Understanding Children’s Development. Essential brain research (4 Ed.). Oxford, England: Blackwell Inc. Papalia, D. E., Olds, S. W., Feldman R. D. (2007) Human turn of events. tenth ed. Boston: McGraw Hill. Pickover, S. (2002) Breaking the cycle: A clinical case of upsetting an unreliable connection framework. Diary of Mental Health Counseling, 24, 358-367. This article on Theories of Developmental Psychology was composed and put together by client Iliana H. to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it in like manner. 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Factors Affecting Learning Essay -- A Level Essays

Elements Affecting Learning To recognize an understudy by their learning style, there must initially be a survey of the student’s capacities and the components influencing their learning. While surveying these variables there will be a feeling of when the understudies reactions are progressively reliable and help an instructor make sense of when an understudy learns the best and how they learn as a person. There are six distinct things that could influence the learning of an understudy: mind preparing, faculties, physical necessities, condition, social needs, and passionate perspectives (Creative learning,1997). How an understudy forms data is dictated by the left or right cerebrum. A left cerebrum scholar is explanatory. They will in general do things intelligently and bit by bit. They focus hard on subtleties and are profoundly successive in taking in new data. An understudy who thinks with their correct mind is all encompassing, or thinks in wholes rather then examination or partition of parts (Oxford, 2001). Right cerebrum scholars lean toward an entire image of a thought and not inspired by the subtleties. They likewise process data all the while. There are likewise intelligent and incautious scholars. Intelligent scholars like to have the opportunity to consider and discuss everything before settling on a choice. While, hasty scholars settle on speedy choices with almost no idea and dependent on next to no data (Encarta, 2002). There are four different ways to learn with the faculties. They are: sound-related, visual, material, and sensation. When asking a teacher whether the all the understudies get familiar with a similar they will say â€Å"No†. Nonetheless, that information isn’t brought into a homeroom. A study hall is regularly 90% talk and question and replying, however just a few understudies will... ... Database. Way, Barbara M. (2001). Learning Styles and Multiple insights in understudies. Diary of College Science Teaching. 30(6) p 390-93. recovered April 7, 2003 from Eric/Ebsco database. Site: Gardner, Howard. (2001). Venture Sumit. Recovered May 1, 2003. from http://pzweb.harvard.edu/SUMIT/MISUMIT.HTM Imaginative Learning. (1997). Period Model. Recovered May 2, 2003. from http://www.creativelearningcentre.com/default.asp?page=styles&sub=pyramid&la ng=&cs=NZ%24&cr=1&theme=main Magazine: Burns, Dr. (2001). Your youngster and School. Recovered May 1, 2003. from www.parenting.com. Ditty, Gina. (1999). Different Intelligences and Tests. Recovered May 2, 2003. from www.teachermagaizne.org. Instructive Dictionary: Encarta. (2002). Learning and Your youngster. Recovered May 1, 2003. from www.encarta.com

Local Environmental Issues Free Essays

The ecological issue that is huge in my city would be the water having synthetic substances in it that makes various pieces of town be on a bubble water alert regularly. Because of mechanical offices, a lot of harmful synthetic concoctions and different toxins are being discharged into our water. This messes up the fish in the sea and it tainted our drinking water. We will compose a custom paper test on Nearby Environmental Issues or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now This can likewise mess wellbeing up for the people devouring the water and in any event, for those swimming in it. All together for a stop to be put to this, we have to have laws upheld so as to ensure our waterways and sea shores. The conduits are persistently utilized for dumping reason for poisonous synthetic concoctions by polluters. This is causing an extraordinary wellbeing risk that can be forestalled if laws were set up. There are a few handling plants that add to the harmful synthetic substances being set into the conduits. Mechanical offices likewise add to the synthetic concoctions contaminating the water which is additionally connected to malignant growth that is being placed into the St. John’s River. This issue is at risk to cause birth deserts or even richness issues. A portion of the synthetic compounds released are lead, mercury, and dioxin. Not exclusively do the poisons defile drinking water yet it additionally sullies the fish that we as individuals typically eat. There should be a law set up that won't permit these toxins to go into our conduits with the likelihood of causing malignancy or other medical issues. There ought to be a decrease in the poisonous synthetic concoctions released to more secure other options. Grants ought to be given with limits on the measure of poisons released by giving punishments and cautioning letters to those that don’t submit to it. Approaches ought to be embraced that take into consideration water to be spotless so we as the individuals can be sound. The most effective method to refer to Local Environmental Issues, Papers

Economics and Lead Time

CASE ANALYSIS FOLDRITE FURNITURE CO. : PLANNING TO MEET A SURGE IN DEMAND Submitted to: Submitted by: Dr. P. K. Run Abhinav Anand Operations Management PGDM-BHU010 Case realities about FoldeRite Furniture:- * Established in 1987 * Throughout 1990s organization developed naturally. * 1999-2006 yearly development rate 3. 5%. (More than showcase development rate) however one contender developed by 6% yearly. * In 2006 company’s execution was exceptionally terrible because of following closed reasons-* Loss of efficiency and yields brought about by high work turnover. Cost of crude materials was expanding * Increasing extent of untalented work. * Continuous securing of little firms which occupied administration from their principle issues. * This thing likewise produced liquidity deficiency * These things brought about decreased edges just as expanded lead time from 4 to 6 two months. Significant approaches that organization received after change in the executives:- * New CEO ma rshal Epstein from a significant buyer products organization was designated. * Manufacturing VP Jose Ramose was recruited. Together they chose 4 significant objectives:- * Continued development in the two items and procedures, * Customer responsiveness: delivering top notch items that satisfied market needs, and offering snappy support, * Lean assembling, and * Retention of an all around prepared, stable, and gainful workforce, with decreased turnover. * Reduced no of items to give great items. Results:- * All these aided in decrease of lead time. * They had a $60M incomes and productive regardless of downturn Ques-(01) what are the Manufacturing Options accessible with Mr. Martin Kelsey? Ans. The target of the total arrangement was to exhibit savvy approaches to fulfill the need while looking after efficiency, quality, unwavering quality and giving on-time conveyance at compelling yields. Coming up next are the assembling choices with Mr. Martin Kelsey: 1. The primary alternative accessible was to request that the staff work an additional move. 2. Increment the staff briefly to exploit inert creation limit. 3. Changing the structures of the cloud seat somewhat to require one moment less in gathering 4. To build the measure of stock utilizing a steady degree of creation. 5. The last choice accessible with Kelsey was subcontracting some portion of work, for example, the assembling of seats for stackable seats. Q2. What are the budgetary ramifications of the three choices? How can it impacts the lead time? Wages of the Skilled laborers is = 19 + 33% of 19 = 25. 27 Wages of the Unskilled laborers is = 9 + 10% of 9=9. 9 Change Strategy In alstrong, the recruiting cost would be zero for talented and $2593. 5 for incompetent works. The cutback cost would be $327288 for gifted $349752 for untalented works if there should arise an occurrence of cloud seats, the recruiting cost would be zero for talented and $633. 6 for untalented works. The cutback cost would be $264342 for gifted $533520 for incompetent works if there should be an occurrence of green solace, the recruiting cost would be zero for talented and $1662. 5 for untalented works. The cutback cost would be $214058 for gifted $231270 for untalented works Subcontracting Strategy If there should be an occurrence of cloud seats, units subcontracted cost would be $720355. 32. If there should be an occurrence of alstrong, units subcontracted cost would be $46959. 28. If there should arise an occurrence of green solace, units subcontracted cost would be zero. The lead time will lessen in all the 3 cases. Ques (03) what are the dangers? How does every one of the choices suit changes in economy and condition? Ans. The hazard partner with it are: Financial Risk:- * According to their CFO Yung credit circumstance is tight. * They need to produce money from exorbitant assets as costly as 12% p. . HR Risk:- * Hiring a gifted specialist would cost $1500 * Supervisor cost for these laborers $25 every hour + 33% for benefits * Training of incompetent laborer takes a month during which full wages are paid. Changes in economy and condition are as per the following: 1. On the off chance that staff would do additional time than it would build the profitability in short run an d yet this would have lead to weakness and weariness among the staff prompting decline in productivity. 2. Employing staff briefly would naturally expand the expense of preparing and would likewise require the board and management assets. 3. On the off chance that the interest didn't appear than laying of the laborers would dishearten the rest of the workforce and cost the organization in including joblessness. 4. Another significant concern was the expense of conveying stock past about fourteen days. Ques-(4) Weighing choices in term of non-money related ramifications Ans. The non-money related ramifications are: 1. Additional time work done by Employees: This will influence the productivity in present moment in a positive way however in long haul as the laborers do have possibility of getting exhaustion it may prompt decline in nature of item which thusly decline the benefit. The additional time recipe won't influence the relationship among representatives yet the intensity will influence if the proficiency diminishes in since quite a while ago run. 2. Expanding the staff This will prompt increment in gainfulness in present moment just as in long haul if organization doesn't lay off specialists. The deals will increment if the productivity of work increments because of increment in laborers. . Changing the Design In present moment there will be a lessening in benefit as the organization would need to pay an onetime charge of $15000 however in long haul as due to advancement the gainfulness will increment. Dut to development the organization will have a serious and furthermore the deals will increment as it’s another structured item. 4. Sub getting The organization will center in the center zone which will prompt benefit in present moment and long haul both. This will additionally prompt increment in deals because of effective creation. The representative confidence will likewise be supported in view of increment in deals.

Lysis Socrates What Is Friendship Essay Example

Lysis Socrates: What Is Friendship? Paper What is companionship? In this exchange between Socrates, Allis, and Allis closest companion Nexuses, Socrates is attempting to show Hippocrates that the best approach to stand out from somebody Is NOT by adulating them, however by bringing them Into a philosophical conversation. He asserts that lauding them (particularly youngsters) will just make them unyielding, and that building up their brain soul with profound discussion Is the correct method to draw their consideration. Socrates shows this by beginning a discussion with Allis and Nexuses about fellowship. As it so happens Socrates recommends to Allis that his folks love him, and In Greek the word for adoration Is identified with the word for kinship. Things being what they are, what Is companionship, and under what conditions does It exist? The main inquiry Socrates presents Is to Nexuses and Is as per the following: When somebody adores another person, which of the two turns into the companion of the other, the person who cherishes or the person who is cherished? Or on the other hand is there no distinction (Plato, Bibb). Nexuses claims there to be no distinction by any stretch of the imagination, and it is feasible for two individuals to be companions if just one loves the other. We will compose a custom article test on Lysis Socrates: What Is Friendship? explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Lysis Socrates: What Is Friendship? explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Lysis Socrates: What Is Friendship? explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Socrates deviates, saying it is feasible for one o love the other however not e cherished in kind, and potentially even despised in kind. If so, is the darling the companion of the adored or the other way around? Or then again can they not be companions since they don't both love each other consequently? Nexuses concurs with the last mentioned, which means his musings of affection and companionship have been addressed and even changed a bit. Presently, Socrates chooses to take the conversation an alternate way. He diverts to a statement from the artists, God consistently draws the like unto the like (Plato, 214). The artists are stating that God is the person who makes individuals companions. Be that as it may, Socrates motivations to the possibility that on the off chance that this were valid (that like is companions with like) at that point that would imply that insidious would be companions with fiendish (on the grounds that they are the equivalent). This can't be genuine in such a case that insidious individuals were companions than they would in the long run plan something incorrectly for the other making them be foes. Subsequently, Socrates says it Is Impossible for the individuals who foul up and the individuals who experience the ill effects of It to be companions! After this clarification, Allis concurs with the Idea. Possibly, Socrates proceeds to think, the writers just mean to ascribe this to things that are acceptable, with the goal that solitary the great resemble. The terrible can't become a close acquaintence with the awful, nor would it be able to get to know the great, so whoever/whatever are acceptable are companions. Obviously, Socrates finds an issue In this contention. He ponders in spite of the fact that something Is acceptable, how Is It that the Like Is companions with the like? Could two comparative things be valued by one another despite the fact that they have no chance to get of helping the other? Socrates says in no way, shape or form, and further, that nothing can be a companion If not esteemed by the other. Thusly, a Like Is not a companion of the like. At that point he addresses how this Is applied to the great, Insofar as It Is not the like. Socrates clarifies that whatever Is acceptable Is independent (doesnt need anything from anybody/whatever else). So the outcome is equivalent to with two like things or individuals. In any case, presently Socrates takes It In an even Deterrent Loretta. He passed on expressions DAY recollecting a maxim from Hissed: Potter is furious with potter, artist with writer, and bum with bum (Plato, 21 c). At the end of the day, things that resemble are jealous of one another, and loaded up with abhor (for one another). For instance, the rich become a close acquaintence with poor people; the frail get to know the solid, and so forth. This reasons it is contrary energies that are companions, not likes. This is genuine on the grounds that things want what they are missing, or their alternate extremes. Be that as it may, indeed Socrates finds motivation to dismiss this case. Something contrary to kinship is antagonistic vibe, implying that a companion would need to be a companion to the adversary and the other way around. This clearly can't be valid! All in all, what is a companion at that point? After some since quite a while ago idea, it comes to Socrates. The appropriate response is what is impartial! It is something that is neither positive or negative that is a companion to the great. It is just a companion to the great idea since we know nothing can become friends with the terrible. The model given in this exchange is that off human body. In the first place, Socrates needs Allis and Nexuses to think about a sound body. It needn't bother with a specialist, medication, and so on , however a wiped out body does. Isnt a wiped out body an awful thing? Socrates says actually no, not so much. The illness is making the body be debilitated that is awful, not simply the body. The human body itself is an unbiased substance. In this way, what is neither acceptable nor awful turns into a companion of the great in view of the nearness of something awful (Plato, Bibb). Yet at the same time Socrates addresses the authenticity of this contention. He is interested with regards to in the case of something great that is within the sight of something awful is itself terrible. I mind it important to take note of that I will in general get to some degree lost in the discourse here, yet will contribute what I comprehend of the end to this inquiry. Socrates finds an answer in the situation of a man with painted white hair, and an elderly person with normally white hair. He guarantees that the hair in the primary case isn't generally white yet, however is just within the sight of the whiteness. It is distinctive in the old keeps an eye on case in any case, since his hair has turned white all alone due to his mature age. It is equivalent to the nearness of the white, it has really taken on this condition of whiteness. Socrates finishes up here: So now, Allis and Nexuses, we have found without a doubt what is a companion and what it is companion to. For we keep up that in the spirit and in the body and all over, that which is neither acceptable nor awful itself is, by the nearness of detestable, a companion of the great (Plato, chic). Socrates not long after rejects this end also. His rationale for denying this end I despite everything can't comprehend. It appears to me to be superbly plausible. I don't really accept this is the right meaning of a companion or kinship however I can't discover any deficiency in it either, and positively don't submit to Socrates thinking of feeing this definition. My concept of kinship be that as it may, isn't exceptionally philosophical. In any case, the gathering of debaters in the end reached a conclusion as a result of Allis and Nexuses being pulled away, and on the grounds that it had been such a since a long time ago, depleted conversation. Tragically, no agreeable end to the topic of kinship was reached. Despite the fact that, this discourse was fascinating and made the mind truly think, it is disillusioning to leave with no specific answer from Socrates. I surmise one well Just nave to Tort precept own decision Dads issues with the contentions that Socrates defied. EAI on every adolescent contention Ana

Contribution Of The Renaissance - Free Essay Example

The Renaissance is a very well known movement throughout the globe, for artists and non artists. It was a time period right after the Medieval period, and it has contributed so much to the art world. In this essay, we will be talking in detail, about what the Renaissance truly was. To begin, the Renaissance was from the 14th century through the 17th century and began in Italy. There are no well-defined causes for the beginning or end of the Renaissance, but it was rumored to begin because, of Italy’s geography. It was a period of passion for the European cultural, artist, political, and economical â€Å"rebirth†, which soon followed after the middle ages. The Renaissance promoted rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature, and art. Despite all these thriving factors of the Renaissance, it was best known for its artistics developments. For example, the printing press was developed in 1440 to apply pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium, such as paper or cloth, thereby transferring the ink. This is a form of an artistic development because, later on they would be able to print art into a stencil, thus making painting so much quicker and more accessible. Moreover, the Renaissance utilized five major themes. Them being: humanism, secularism, individualism, rationalism, and virtu. Humanism emphasized the critical study of the Greek and roman classics in order to better understand human nature and bring new age of intellectual achievement. Renaissance equaled rebirth, which was applicated in the renewed interest in study. Secularism was an emphasis on the value of worldly things, not necessarily on religious things, but also not anti-religious. Some examples would be: art, literature, emphasis on self, and things created for entertainment, rather than religion purposes. Individualism was connected to secularism and humanism. They were linked especially in the area of arts. Individuals always tried to stand out when it came to painting. Rationalism was about focusing on logic, proof, and the beginning of science. Lastly, virtu was about: being the most you can be, trying to do as many things as you can well, and having behavior that demo nstrates high moral standards. To continue, the Renaissance had an increased receptiveness to humanist philosophies, a commercial revolution, and the inception of the modern state. Furthermore, some characteristics from the Renaissance was how the Italian Renaissance re-established Western art corresponding to the principles of classical Greek art, especially Greek sculptures and paintings. That remained unchallenged until Pablo Picasso and Cubism came into the picture. Italian artists, as well as thinkers, became fascinated and inspired by the ideas of ancient Greek and Rome. This was ideally aligned with the desire to create a universal, patrician even, form of art. This was a want for the Renaissance and its art, so their fellow artists and thinkers could be able to express the new and more confident emotions of the time. Lastly, there were many important authors from the Renaissance period. As well as, many writers. The top six would have to be: William Shakespeare, Miguel de Cervantes, Niccolo Machiavelli, Dante Alighieri, and Geoffrey Chaucer. Shakespeare was the greatest write of his era. He was born in 1564. William was an actor and a poet, but is best recognized for his plays. He became one of the most well-known playwrights in England. Miguel was a Spanish influential writer during the Renaissance. He wrote numerous plays and works of fiction. Cervantes became extremely well-known when his novel, Don Quixote de la Mancha, was published in 1604. This novel is about a country gentlemen searching for adventures in life. Machiavelli was a diplomat in Florence. His most famous analysis, The Prince, was written to answer how a ruler could guarantee he would remain in power always. Niccolo claimed humans were greedy and self-centered, and if a ruler had to deceive his subordinates, then so be it. As long as he did so, to protect his kingdom. Dante Alighieri, was a famous Italian poet during the Renaissance. The Divine Comedy is the most famous of his works, and is often considered the greatest literary work in the Italian language. Alighieri, along with other writers, were considered the best Italian writers in history. Geoffrey Chaucer was a famous Italian writer that wrote in the English vernacular. Chaucer is widely recognized for his book The Canterbury Tales. He is an important figure in developing the English vernacular we use today because he English he used in his writing is the ancestor of today’s everyday English language. In summary, the Renaissance contributed a lot to our modern world and the art that it is today. As well as, the many authors who inspired our literature and writings throughout the years. The Renaissance was mostly known for its artists and their paintings, artistic developments too. It was mostly a flourishing time because, nothing unsatisfactory happened.

How to Write an Abstract for a Research Paper Properly and On Time

How to Write an Abstract for a Research Paper A research paper is a complex academic work that requires a profound analysis and great writing parts. Once preparing a research paper, make sure to follow your writing plan in order to complete the work on time. This academic paper contains many important parts, which must be performed perfectly. An abstract is one of the core parts of a research paper. Once writing a paper, you analyze a chosen problem or situations and tend to provide solutions and recommendations. All the investigation processes need a short summary to be provided. An abstract allows delivering a brief summary of the conducted research works and analyzes. It is an essential part of every research paper. How to Write an Abstract for a Research Paper – Abstract Definition The abstract is a part of a research paper or a separate document, which remains a brief summary of an entire research project. It mostly describes the object, methods, main ideas, arguments and evidence together with conclusions and recommendations. The abstract’s main purpose is to summarize the core aspects of the entire project. It reveals the main ideas, arguments, and evidence of your argumentative essay. It never simply describes the topic but outlines the main research’s aspects. In the abstract, you describe every step of your research work, its main goals and results. An abstract allows delivering a brief summary of the conducted research works and analyzes. It is a vital part of every research paper. How to Write an Abstract for a Research Paper – Types of Abstracts There are a few types of abstracts, which must be used in accordance with your tutor’s recommendations: Descriptive Abstract – this type of abstract describes the main aspects of the work but never aims at comparing it to other familiar papers. Critical Abstract – outlines the main ideas and results of the research works together with estimating the importance and reliability of findings. Informative Abstract – is usually used by students and remains the most popular abstract’s type. Informative abstract explains and reveals the information and results of research work, and provides recommendations. Highlight Abstract – this abstract type is aimed at catching the reader’s attention. It is rarely used in academic writing in general. How to Write an Abstract for a Research Paper – Abstract’s Elements Different abstracts have something in common. In fact, the abstract’s core elements are quite the same, no matter what type of abstract you are using in your paper. Make sure to learn the main elements of an abstract before starting to write a research paper or buy essays. The main elements of an abstract are the following: Objective. This element, which is usually called the rationale, reveals the main idea of the research paper. It outlines the main goals of the research work in the first few sentences. It also reveals the writer’s motivation and expected results. Methods. This section describes the set of tools and ways of conducting research work. Moreover, it explains how the entire paper must be written and systematized. Results. This part of an abstract reveals the results of the conducted analyses. Conclusion. This part brings a brief summary of the obtained results and shows where they can be used in the future. How to Write an Abstract for a Research Paper – Elements to Avoid Every professionally written abstract must contain a certain set of elements. At the same time, there is a list of elements to avoid. If you want to submit a flawless research paper, make sure your paper and abstract in particular do not contain abbreviations, incomplete sentences, unclear information, jargon, slang, fluff images, and complex tables. It is important to keep abstract short and informative. Thus, you need to place the entire information into a short, but well-written part of the text. How to Write an Abstract for a Research Paper Properly A proper research paper writing requires enough time, knowledge and good writing skills. When writing an abstract, it is great to write down a draft first. It can help to provide a well-structured abstract that contains all the needed elements and information. The abstract is the exact text that must be clear and concise. Placing too much information and using large sentences can lead to a bad grade. The reader must get a clear picture of what the writer is talking about and how the entire research work needs to be conducted. The entire writing process includes numerous important steps to follow: Step One You need to have your research paper completed to start writing an abstract. It is an important requirement since it will allow you to include the most important facts and findings to an abstract. Step Two The introduction part must include a few sentences to grip the reader’s attention. The objective section and conclusions must contain the most vital information and findings of the research paper. Use the most important facts to write them down in the mentioned sections. Step Three Every research paper needs to contain methodology and it is very important to provide effective methods of analysis. In this section, you inform readers about the methods of conducting the research work. Step Four Make sure your abstract reveals the answers on the importance of the analyzed problem and reveals the methods and plan of conducted research. Step Five When you have a completed abstract, make sure it is free from incorrect elements, mistakes or wrong sayings. Check a written abstract for a few times, and always provide the information as concise as possible. An abstract is one of the main parts of every research paper. Once writing a paper, you analyze a chosen problem or situation, try to provide solutions and recommendations. All the investigation processes have a need in a short summary. An abstract allows delivering a brief summary of the conducted research works and analyzes. It is an essential part of every research paper, thus it must be written properly.

Analysis Of The Book Cristobal Colon - 1170 Words

Cristobal Colon who is formerly known as Christopher Columbus was another person that David Ponder encountered on his journey. Christopher Columbus gave David a very important decision for success. This decision no longer made David have an undecided heart because David knew that if he did, he would always fail in life. Thus, the fourth decision for success that was given to David was â€Å"I have a decided heat.† When a person like David started â€Å"to wait, to wonder, to doubt, to be indecisive, [they were disobeying] God† (Andrews). When David opted to have a decided heart, he chose to quit and defeat double mindedness. When people commit themselves to have a decided heart, they have the power to take hold of their own future. As David read†¦show more content†¦Sometimes in life people try to dehumanize and humiliate others. This causes the humiliated and dehumanized person to find it hard to forgive others. David found himself struggling with this concep t when he met Abraham Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln gave David excellent advice, which lead David to the sixth decision for success â€Å"I will greet this day with a forgiving spirit.† Through this decision David learned that he must forgive others with grace and mercy. Moreover, that he could not move on with his life unless he learned to forgive all things. Not only did David learn to forgive others in this decision for determining personal success, but he also learned to forgive his own self. When people forgives something, they are doing it for themselves and not for others. Thus, when David decided to forgive his own self and others, he overcame his feelings of animosity, resentment, and vengeance. In doing so, the reader could gradually see David becoming a better and more successful person. In this decision David also choose not to be a slave anymore because he has the power to speak what he believes. He no longer had to â€Å"live his life according to other people† (Andrews). David learned that he could not be successful unless he started to forgive. Before David’s long journey ended with people from the past, he met Angel Gabriel who gave him the final decision for success. Angel Gabriel allowed David to look into the future to see what heShow MoreRelated Columbus and the New World Discovery Essay4487 Words   |  18 Pagesheart of the republic. Reconfiguring the great explorer in images of technology and modernity, the Chicago Worlds Fair saluted the man then regarded, in the words of President Benjamin Harrison, as the pioneer of progress and enlightenment. In a book especially produced for the fair, the historian Meyer Kayserling summed up the prevailing assessment of Columbus: In the just appreciation of his great services to mankind, all political, religious and social differences have vanished. How things

Slavery And The American Dream - 1393 Words

Slaves they are products of a lost mind and irresponsible love. Now when I say a slave I am not talking about someone who is the property of someone else that must obey his or her every command. I am talking about the slavery of the mind that has run like wild fire among the black community. However sad it may be, our own kind are making their children into slaves. There are few things that have had such an impact on making slaves as the topics that I am about to mention. Which all will take place within a child’s first five years of life So when the new media talks about all the mystics about how blacks are thug and criminals what else do they aspect. You have taught a person to hate every aspect of them and to shun other with like features and to strive for the American dream, by the way the American dream is white. So there is no place for a black colored skin person too belong in the American dream. Not allowing someone to have any place in this world forces them to come crashing into life. Because at the end of the day it is up to you and you only to make sure you don’t die and survive. So now that theory are not only slave black people in this world there are also educated blacks that are compared to these and are given no hope by society, because of a person of the same skin type has all ready ruined the image of their face to be positive. So when you ask a black person where his place is in this society he has no answer because since he was young he was giving noShow MoreRelatedSlavery During The American Dream Of Freedom By Morgan s Book1622 Words   |  7 Pagesarrival settlers began building on the dream of a bi-racial settlement. A dream of people being liberated from oppression, in particular, Catholic oppression and slavery from the Spanish. Yet from the very beginning slavery was a part of the culture. What a huge contradiction! Or was it? Did slavery play a part in the American dream of freedom? Morgan’s book further explores slavery in V irginia in an attempt shed a light on the subject of freedom and slavery co-existing. Those first settlersRead MoreSlavery Is A Violation Of Human Rights1484 Words   |  6 Pagesshown through Southern America’s use of slavery. Slavery, in every society is a violation of human rights, and forcibly makes individuals ‘have-nots.’ In the ancient era of the Romans, slavery was more benign. Slaves were essentially second-class citizens, but they were still citizens. When racism and European superiority were mixed in with the corrosiveness of slavery, a new breed of wickedness was born. American slavery, usually referred to as chattel slavery, is a gross violation of the rights ofRead MorePersuasive Essay On The American Dream1742 Words   |  7 Pagesof the main ideas in the â€Å"American Dream.† America is the land of opportunity, prosperity, and freedom with honest hard work. But, how many Americans are free when they are forced to exploit themselves just to make it through each day without starving? Every day, thousands of helpless Ame ricans find themselves chained to a lifestyle that strips them of their human and American rights. However, the ones depriving these people of their chance at living out the American Dream are not the people gettingRead More Frederic Douglass Essay1305 Words   |  6 Pagesmobility. Even though he was an exceptionally bright man, he was enslaved and persecuted because of his skin color. His life represents both the failure and success of the American dream, with the failure being the extremely more dominant, because of the color of his skin. amp;#9;The most fundemental of aspect of the American dream is that of freedom and liberty. Relative to other countries, America was going above and beyond the call of duty to give its citizens these freedoms and rights. The countryRead MoreThe South after Slavery1659 Words   |  7 PagesThe South After Slavery It is no secret that slavery was a huge part of the southern part of the United States for a very long time. Life below the Mason-Dixon Line was forever changed because of slavery and the effects it had on Americans. It is hard for this generation to imagine the discrimination because America is such a melting pot today. There are still some people who discriminate today, however, it is nothing compared to what it was several years ago. Although slavery was a negative thingRead MoreThe Slave Rebellion Was An Important Event That Helped Ignite The End Of Abolishing Slavery Essay1327 Words   |  6 PagesThe slave rebellion was an important event that helped ignite the start of abolishing slavery. Around the year of 1831 Nat Turner led a significant rebellion that mark the pursuit to freedom in America. Nat Turner is a former slave who was born in 1800. His plan was to â€Å"overthrow the slave regime† because he was fed up and felt that he wanted his own freedom instead of be ing degraded as a slave (Mason). What spark Turner’s idea about creating a rebellion was from a story he heard as a little boyRead MoreReclaiming the American Dream Through Community Service1250 Words   |  5 Pagesluxuries and life proves useful in discussing the transformation of the modern American Dream. Americans today tend to believe that luxuries and comforts determine if they have achieved the American Dream. Common aspects of the American Dream include buying a house and a car, but as Thoreau would argue, these materials serve no real purpose besides a false sense of prestige. Actually, commercialism has transformed the American Dream into a materialistic ideal, where, as for example, the more Apple productsRead MoreHarriet Tubman: The Underground Railroad Conductor1286 Words   |  5 PagesHarriet Tubman: The Underground Railroad Conductor The American dream and racialization are certainly some of the most intriguing concepts both in the historical and contemporary American attitude. They represent an embodiment of struggles, pain, hope, and optimism. American history has both in the ancient and present circulated around the subjects of hope and optimism, regardless the circumstances. Numerous accounts of magnificent and iconic historical features surface in this unfolding of eventsRead MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglass And F. Scott Fitzgerald959 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is the American dream? The American Dream to me would be a family, loyal husband, good paying job and most of all my health. But my perspective of the American Dream and other people/authors perspective could be viewed very differently. Frederick Douglass and F. Scott Fitzgerald both have very different views of their American Dream. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass was published in 1995 by Frederick Douglass himself, his book walks through his life as a slave. Douglass was bornRead MoreAbraham Lincoln : The Goals Of Douglass And Lincoln943 Words   |  4 Pagesgoal of trying to abolish slavery, however, Douglass and Lincoln did have different goals as well that they believed were priorities. Douglass’s goal was to have equality and equal rights among the races and Lincoln’s main goal was to unify the Union after the destruction caused by the Civil War. The nation did achieve Douglass and Lincoln’s shared goal of abolishing slavery and Lincoln did manage to unify the Union after a lot of hard work but did not achieve Douglass’s dream for equality among the

Cognitive And Behavioral Treatments Of Adhd Essay

Cognitive and Behavioral Treatments of ADHD Thoughts that One May Have Prior to the Education on ADHD Upon choosing this topic for research, I thought about the experience that I have in this department. I have none. I do not possess a single shred of experience with ADHD, but I have had the privilege of knowing a few people with this attention disorder. The thought that came to mind when I heard this acronym for the first time was, â€Å"What in the world does this mean?† Therefore, this is where I started my research. What is ADHD? The official definition of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is â€Å"recognized as a brain disorder marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development,† as reported by the National Institute of Mental Health (2016). This website also broke down each component of this disorder to help understand it better as well. Inattention means that the person wanders off task and hyperactivity means that the person seems to move about constantly. However, not only does a person who suffers from ADHD have an issue with inattention and hyperactivity, but that person also is subject to impulsivity which is where that person makes â€Å"hasty actions that occur in the moment without first thinking about repercussions,† (National Institute of Mental Health, 2016). According to another source, â€Å"ADHD is a developmental, neurobiological condition defined by the presence of severe per vasiveShow MoreRelatedCOGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY IN TREATMENT OF ADHD Essay949 Words   |  4 Pageschildren 4-17 years of age have ever been diagnosed with ADHD, as of 2007. As of 2007, 2.7 million youth ages 4-17 years (66.3% of those with a current diagnosis) were receiving medication treatment for the disorder (cdc.gov). The Surgen General lists ADHD, as the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder of childhood. With numbers as these it seems imperative to know what works best for over 2.7 million children in treatment. Cognitive refers to our thinking, Behavior how we behave the two goRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy As A Sole Treatment For Adhd1649 Words   |  7 PagesJeffery Vittengl PSYC366 14 July 2015 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as a Sole Treatment for ADHD in Adults According to the International Journal of Neuropsychiatric Medicine, about 4% of adults in the United States are affected by ADHD. It’s a disorder that usually emerges in childhood and in the past was thought of as exclusive to a person’s earlier years. More recent research has proved this to be untrue, instead revealing that many people who are diagnosed with ADHD in childhood will continue to haveRead MoreOne Treatment For Adhd Incorporates Cognitive Behavioral Therapy894 Words   |  4 PagesOne treatment for ADHD incorporates Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Counseling, and Social Skills training to address deficits in emotional regulation including low self-esteem, anger or aggression, anxiety or withdrawal, loneliness, and depression. People who are diagnosed with ADHD can learn conversational skills and can also improve tasks like organization, and memory. Studies have shown that interventions like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Counseling, and Social Skills traini ng to address deficitsRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder1656 Words   |  7 Pagescommon well- known behavioral disorders, that is defined by the DSM as having a â€Å"persistent pattern of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention, for at least six months and it is so severe that it interferers with your development†. As of 2013, it affects 11 percent of children between the ages of 4-17 and is more prevalent in boys than in girls. (http://www.additudemag.com/adhd/article/688.html) ADHD with aggression is very common as well. The aggression aspect can be shown through ADHD being in combinationRead MoreThe Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on ADHD1064 Words   |  5 Pageseffects of ADHD on children and not on adults. The reason that the author decided to focus the research on children is because, as stated before, ADHD is a childhood disorder that should be diagnosed before reaching adulthood. The author of this work believes that if the diso rder, and the effects thereof, are addressed during childhood there will be less of an impact on adults, increasing the importance of treatment during childhood. A second limitation to this study is the form of treatment that theRead MoreADHD Research Paper948 Words   |  4 PagesADHD Treatment Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Ford-Martin, 2014) is a mental disorder involving brief to prolonged periods of hyperactivity and the inability to focus on tasks, causing the patient to become easily frustrated and unable to sit still. This inability to focus often negatively impacts the patient, frequently causing him/her to lose self-esteem and give up. This label instills a feeling of hopelessness when it comes to completing certain tasks that others are able to performRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )791 Words   |  4 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) would be a very interesting area of research. I find this topic interesting because there are so many people that still believe that ADHD is a made up disorder and that the real problem is a lack of good parenting skills. I have several people in my life that are affected by ADHD. I have found that despite copious amounts of research into effective treatments, it is still di fficult to find a healthcare provider with accurate information on the subjectRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1100 Words   |  5 PagesAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) What is ADHD? Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric illness characterized by problems with attention as well as hyperactivity. Individuals also tend to act impulsively. The exact cause is unclear but is likely related to genetic factors as first-degree relatives are often affected. The disease frequently begins in childhood and may progress into adulthood. The condition is also often associated with other psychiatric comorbiditiesRead MoreAnalysis Of Vargas Family Case Study Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesEvidence-based practices refers to services or treatments that have been studied or researched and clinically proved to be effective by various investigative teams. ï‚ ´ They practice is also used as an oversight or supervision strategy that allows providers to implement the treatment according to procedure or protocol (Gruttadaro, Burns, Duckworth Crudo, 2007). ï‚ ´ The two types of evidence based models discussed below are behavior therapy (Cognitive Behavior Therapy) and parent training behavior managementRead MoreNeurodevelopmental and Neurocognitive Disorders Essay1706 Words   |  7 Pagesfair comparisons that allow the diagnosis and treatments of adult and childrens behaviors to be equal. Neurodevelopment disorders in children result in maladaptive behavior which appears in different life periods and deems the once popular view that children were miniature adults untrue with more focus on the special problems of children using the DSM-5, along with professional knowledge and ethics as a guideline to an unbiased diagnosis and treatment (Butcher Hooley, 2014). A Neurocognitive

Annotated Bibliography On Requirements Specification

Requirements Specification Purpose This Project will create a database to hold information about Sure Start’s extensive educational, welfare and social/recreational resources (books, CDs and videos) on their premises that Staff, Volunteers and Parents can borrow. It will contain information regarding lending dates and how long resources have been borrowed for. Scope The criteria that should be fulfilled to cover the full scope of this project is as follows: †¢ The database should be original and customised †¢ The data entry system should be restrictive and validated †¢ Database should be automatic †¢ It should be a user friendly as possible so as to eliminate the previous problems †¢ Capable of generating weekly/monthly reports †¢ Security†¦show more content†¦It should also be able to track if the book is overdue or missing. †¢ To only allow those authorised to access and input data. †¢ To be easy to navigate and show all the information necessary. Definitions †¢ Borrower ID – the unique number given to the borrower when they joined the system †¢ Borrower – the name of the person who has taken out a book on loan †¢ Address – the address of the person who has taken out a book on loan †¢ Book ID – the unique number given to a book within the library †¢ Library Administrator – the full name of the staff member who is on the system †¢ Book Details – the author, title, ISBN, year and category of the book †¢ Loan Details - the loan out and due in dates of the book Functional Requirements The system will allow the user to: Must have (M)/ Should have (S)/ Could have (C)/ Won’t Have (W) Item Description Rating Contact Details The address and phone number of the borrower M Status Who is borrowing the book e.g. staff, volunteer, parent S Admin Details The name and contact details of the library administrator M Resource The number and type of resource borrowed M Resource Details The author, publisher, title, year of release and category of the resource M Loan Details The date out and due date in M Resource Status If item is overdue or missing S Keyword Search Enter a word and system will return useful answer C Report Produces a weekly or monthly report C Print Report Prints

Style of JD Salinger Essay Example For Students

Style of JD Salinger Essay Many critics consider J.D. Salinger a very controversial writer,for the subject matters that he writes.. J.D. Salingers works weregenerally written during two time periods. The first time period wasduring World War II, and the second time period was during the 1960s. Critics feel that the works during the 1960 time period were veryinappropriate, because of the problems for which he wrote. The maincharacters were generally misfits of society. In most of his works,he has the protagonist of the story go on a quest for happiness. Salinger does not conform to the material happiness; the charactersundergo a spiritual happiness. The characters generally start out asin bad conditions, through the end of his works they undergone changesthat change them for the better. The works of J.D. Salinger show the quest for happiness throughreligion, loneliness, and symbolism. Salingers works often usereligion in order to portray comfort. In Salingers Nine StoriesFranny Glass keeps reciting the â€Å"Jesus Prayer† to cope with thesuicide of her brother Seymour (Bloom in Bryfonski and Senick 69). Salinger is able to use this prayer as a means of comfort for Franny. The prayer stands for the last hope for Franny in this situation. Franny would be lost if their was no prayer. (Bryfonski and Senick71). Salinger shows us comfort in Catcher in the Rye. HoldenCaufield, the protagonist, is very much in despair for losing hisgirlfriend, so Caufield reads a passage in the Bible. This helpsHolden change his outlook on life (Salzberg 75). Holden was all aloneat this point and had no one to turn back on, until he found the Bible(Salzberg 76). In both stories the characters had found themselves inbad situations. The characters in these works have obstacles whichthey must overcome in order to achieve happiness (Salzman 34). Happiness is the very substance which all of these characters arestriving for in Salingers works. Salinger uses religion in his worksto comfort them so that they can proceed on their quest to achievehappiness. Salinger uses religion as a means for liberation. Salingeruses much of the Zen philosophy, as in the case of Nine Stories, toachieve this liberation (Madsen 93). In Nine Stories one of thecharacters, Seymour Glass, is portrayed as Buddha in the sense that hewants to be liberated as Buddha was in his life (Madsen 93). SeymourGlass in Nine Stories has a certain philosophy about life, it issimilar to the Eightfold Path used by Buddha when achieving nirvana(French in Matuz 212). Seymour Glass is on a quest to become freefrom all of the suffering in his life as Buddha was from his life(French in Matuz 213). Seymour follows the Eightfold path to becomeliberated from suffering (Madsen 96). Seymour achieves â€Å"nirvana† byliving a good life and end anything that causes sufferi ng. Seymour isable to attain nirvana by committing suicide (Lundquist in Matuz 211). Salinger shows us that when Seymour committed suicide he let go ofall of the suffering that he encountered, thus attaining the happinesshe longed for (French, Salinger Revisited 132). Salinger showsliberation as an end to all suffering, thus creating happiness for thecharacter. (French, Salinger Revisited 133). The final function ofreligion as a means to attain happiness was to gain peace In â€Å"TheYoung Lion,† Salinger uses religion to gain peace through afictitious war. In the story many of the soldiers were dying and thecountries were in turmoil (Lundquist 312). The leaders in the storysee a vision on the battlefield that changes them, and stops the war(Lundquist 315). Salinger shows how religion can be a force used tocreate happiness in a story, by creating peace (Lundquist 313). Salinger is able to use religion as a means of attaining happinessthrough peace. The story seemed very dismal, until religionintervened and stopped the conflict. Salinger creates happiness forthe characters by stopping the conflict. In â€Å"The Stranger† Salingercreates peace through a war by using more of the Zen philosophy. Dizzy gillespie, his life. EssaySalinger 66). The characters in J.D. Salingers works start out in badsituations. Through the use of lucky symbols their life is changed towhat will make them happy. Salinger uses symbolism in his works alsoto foreshadow a better life. In â€Å"Long Debut of Louis Taggett† thesymbol of a cigarette being put out foreshadows the end of a marriage(Galloway in Curley and Kramer 58). The end of this marriage forLouis Taggett, means good for his life (Galloway in Curley and Kramer61). Louis at the end of the story is able toconcentrate more on his job, where he meets the woman that will reallylove him, and find wealth and prosperity (Galloway in Curley andKramer 59). This symbolism to foreshadow is one of many examples ofhow Salinger uses symbolism to predict a better life (Galloway inCurley and Kramer 61). Salinger many times use subtle, but importantsymbols to foreshadow better things (Galloway in Curley and Kramer62). The character, in this work, has suffered through hardships. The characters life is in a total mess at the time. Salinger alsoshows foreshadowing to a better life through â€Å"The Last Day of the LastFurlough† (Matuz 157). In the story John Hendren is able Salingeruses symbolism for the character to fulfill his quest for happiness(Matuz 148)John Hendren who is in World War II, has always wore largewooden necklace given to him by his mother (Matuz 148). This samenecklace stops a bullet, which could have killed him(Matuz 149). Johnis later awarded a medal of respect for his valiant effort, giving himlots of fame(Matuz 149). Salinger shows how such symbols providehappiness to the lives of people (Wenke 237). Salinger uses allusion from other works to show how happiness willbe fulfilled. In Salingers Catcher in the Rye, Salinger refersgreatly in one chapter to ducks in central park. The ducks are incontext to a scripture in the Bible, which tells of how the ducks arefree (Galloway in Bloom 53). Salinger later explains that Holden willbecome free as these ducks (Galloway in Bloom 54). In Catcher in theRye Holdens main purpose was to be free from the suffering (Gallowayin Bloom 58). The ducks represented how he would feel, being happy(Galloway in Bloom 56). Salinger also shows his symbolism from otherworks through the work of Mark Twain. Salinger portrays how Holden inCatcher in the Rye changes to a different man when he is at the waterfountain in Central Park, as the case in Mark Twains Huckleberry Finnin which Huck changes when he is on the Mississippi River (Grunwald inBloom 64). Salinger uses symbolism from other books in his books toconvey how the characters in his works will change f or a better life(Grunwald in Bloom 67). Salinger uses much of the symbolism to showhow the life of the characters has become happy. Salinger usessymbols to show the turning point of the characters lives. He showsthat these symbols will change their lives for the better. The works of Salinger show the quest for happiness throughreligion, loneliness, and symbolism. Salingers writings deal withcharacters fulfilling their quest for happiness. He would have thecharacters accomplish their quest by going through obstacles, inwhich they learned about their lives. He employed the religion,loneliness, and symbolism as means for the characters to understandhow to obtain happiness in life. The writings of the Salinger, becomevery important for this time period, because he goes against the grainof society to show how it is wrong. The writings of Salinger, whilethey may have been excellent in style, have become very controversialfor what he has portrayed in the society during this time period

Accounting Software used in Australia Accounting Competitors

Question: Describe about the Report for Accounting Software used in Australia of Accounting Competitors. Answer: Introduction Accounting is very important for the proficient knowledge. Every company requires accounting for their day to day working needs which is not possible to do manually these days so many companies prefer to use the accounting software rather than doing these manually. A very crucial role is played these days by the accounting software. Basically accounting software is nothing but the class of computer programs that helps in managing the operations of the business financial transactions. Use of the accounting software is increasing widely as it helps the companies to use their resources efficiently in the accounting departments and helps in reducing the mistakes that are costly while doing the book keeping. The accounting software leads to accuracy in the work and helps in increasing the speed in recording the various transactions. This accounting software helps in generating the reports that are further used in preparing the tax of the business. There are various accounting software tha t are being used in Australia like Myob, QuickBooks, Reckon, Saasu and Xero. The report is related to the very commonly used accounting software in Australia Intuit QuickBooks, Xero, Saasu etc and there details. Many firms in Australia are using the QuickBooks accounting software in Australia for recording their business transactions. History The era of the accounting software began in the year 1955 with privately owned software that was first built in Kentucky, USA for handling the payroll for the general electric appliance factory and was named Univac 1. The early accounting software was bespoke and as there was advancement in technology the innovations continued. The capacity of the computer grew gradually that enabled the various high development tools. Throughout the 1960s the various companies invested in producing various accounting system tailored that suited their particular requirements. However there was a continuous growth in the capability of the computers due to which idea of generalized application began to rise . In the year 1973 SAP RF was introduced that enabled the handling of wide variety of system and business chores. In the year 1983 intuit was founded and it launched its first product Quicken in the year same year. These further increased the accounting application as and when the time passed. In th e early 1980s a very young company named Teleware Inc developed a very eye catching and innovative accounting software that caused the eye of the best software and was purchased by it in the year 1983 and it changed its name in the year 1999 which is very popularly known as MYOB now a days. (Scott 2015)QuickBooks was known as Quicken to the Australian market since 25 years since people recognized it as QuickBooks. QuickBooks was built by the Reckon as its name by investing millions of dollars in the product development and marketing that helped in winning the loyalty and the support of various thousands of businesses. Then in the year 2012 everything was given on and the Quicken was finally recognized as the QuickBooks and Quicken brand names. The company decided to take this step because the QuickBooks was acting as an anchor that was further delaying the progress and rendering them helpless in the era of tough competition. Due to this move the QuickBooks returned to its own foundi ng name that is Reckon and that helped it in placing its confidence with its in house talent and strong culture of innovation. QuickBooks is reckoned as a #1 rated online book keeping and accounting software for the various businesses that includes the small businesses as well. The software is present in 130 countries and is developed by intuit which is the American Company. (Ryan 2012)This software that is cloud based was launched in Australia in the year 2012 after its launch it has been adopted by thousands of users around the country that is further contributing to the increase in the number of subscribers to approximately 841,000 all over the world. Adoption and development of cloud computing in Australia In various countries the excel spreadsheets and shoe box full of receipts was used for managing the accounts of the company that included various small businesses and start-ups. But, due to the advent of cloud computing and the rash of various systems there had been a rapid change for the businesses and the accounting firms that serves them. The company can access the cloud based accounting system by paying a nominal fees to less than $50 per month and hence they can have various different features at their disposal that can help managing their accounts in a less period of time. Due to the arrival of the various cloud based accounting systems like the Saasu, Xero, iBizz and JCurve have made the spreadsheets on the run.(Head 2013) The rate at which the cloud computing is being adopted by the people in Australia is remarkable with almost three out of five businesses that are using the cloud computing for managing their accounts. The businesses that are using Xero as their accounting software has doubled since the month of September last year. (Dinham 2014)But, the main issue that is being faced by the businesses while using the accounting software is the security of the same. Many accountants and bookkeepers are being trained from time to time so that they can easily get adapted in using the cloud computing software. Market size of the accounting software used in Australia According to the various reports it has been observed that there is various accounting software that has been used in Australia like MYOB, Xero, QuickBooks, Saasu. According to the reports of Stanmoulis it has been found that MYOB is the largest accounting software provider in the countries like New Zealand and Australia and Xero is the biggest cloud accounting company. There are about 116,000 subscribers of the cloud as compared to the Xero that has about 320,000 subscribers across the areas of New Zealand and Australia.(Heber 2015) According to the reports of Small Business Administration it has been found that the Intuit has about 89% market share of the small business accounting and the tax software. According to the reports of SBA there are approximately 1.3 million small bookkeeping and accounting firms which means that the average gross revenue of the company is about $43,000.(Rives 2015) Leaders in the Cloud computing market in Australia The various organizations weather big or small is replacing the traditional desktop accounting software with the cloud accounting software. According to the latest report of capioIT , it has been found out that about 27% of the businesses and the various accounting firms that accounts to about 67% have already moved to the online cloud accounting software. According to the reports that are available from the various accounting organizations it has been found that the Xero is the market leader in the online accounting software in Australia. (Dinham 2014)There are about 147,000 Australian customers of Xero in the year 2014 that has increased to about 96% in the succeeding year. Intuit was enjoying the position of the market leader earlier that was given tough competition by the Xero in the year 2014.(R G Technologies 2014) Competitive advantage with Xero as a market leader in Australia It is cloud based The Xero software is cloud based unlike the QuickBooks it was built from the ground up for the cloud. The users are free to access their accounts any where any time provided they have an internet connection. Simple and Intuitive UI This software was basically built for the people who are not accounting professionals but it is also smart enough for the accounting professionals. It has an Intuitive User interface.(Annoynomous 2014) Xero tops with its rich features There are various unique features that help the Xero to be on the top. The accountants are not required to prepare the files manually for inputting the data in to the software. Challenges faced by the users while using the accounting software Though the accounting software has made managing the accounts of the various companies very easy but still there are various disadvantages that are being faced by the users of the accounting software. Some of the challenges that are faced by the users are: Cost For using the accounting software the user is required to buy the software and the various additional licenses for using that software on the other computers. There are various upgrades that are required to be purchased for the additional features. Fraud There is extra level of security that is required by the accounting software so as to prevent the various problems like embezzlement and fraud. The users can easily alter the data that can lead to various frauds. Additional software There are various software that require additional software if the user wants to review the reports. As for example there are some programs that allow the user to export the PDF file or Excel spreadsheet this additional software may require additional expense for the user.(Morris 2014) Training The accounting software requires the time of the user to make him understand and learn on how to use the software. The user needs to learn what each button in the software and the menu does. Human Error There are various errors that are committed by the users while working with the software like typing errors. Entering the data in the software very quickly often results in various errors.(Crowder 2014) Suggestions to overcome the challenges Proper Training The users of the accounting software shall be given proper training for using the accounting software so that they do not do mistakes due to lack of proper training. Password protected The Software shall always be password protected so that the unknown person does not have the access to the software and cannot alter the various information of the software. User shall not enter the information very quickly So as to avoid the human errors due to entering the data in a very fast manner the user shall always take care that he enters the data correctly and not in a hurry. Sometimes in a hurry the data can be entered wrong due to which there are various issues and the reports of the companies may lead misleading assumptions due to wrong entered information so that shall be avoided by the user.(Stock 2014) Conclusion From the various researches it can be concluded that accounting and bookkeeping has been made very easy with the help of various software in various countries like Australia. Though there are various drawbacks of the same but it can be avoided with proper measures. Proper training is required to use this software. This software has made entering information quickly. Bibliography Annoynomous 2014, bpoconnect, viewed 25 August 2016, https://bpoconnect.com.au/top-7-reasons-xero-accounting-wins-competitors/. Crowder, CD 2014, Tech In., viewed 25 August 2016, https://techin.oureverydaylife.com/disadvantages-accounting-software-1965.html. Dinham, P 2014, itwire.com, viewed 25 August 2016, https://www.itwire.com/business-it-news/accounting-software/66402-australian-smbs-ahead-in-adoption-of-cloud-accounting-software. Dinham, P 2014, www.itwire, viewed 25 August 2016, https://www.itwire.com/business-it-news/accounting-software/65003-intuit-takes-the-accounting-software-market-and-xero-head-on-with-smb-study. Head, B 2013, 'Accounting software wars move to the cloud', Financial Review. Heber, A 2015, Business Insider, viewed 25 August 2016, https://www.businessinsider.com.au/charts-the-battle-for-supremacy-in-australias-cloud-accounting-market-2015-4. Morris, K 2014, Chron, viewed 25 August 2016, https://smallbusiness.chron.com/disadvantages-using-accounting-software-3823.html. R G Technologies 2014, Cloud Accounting software, viewed 25 August 2016, https://blog.rgtechnologies.com.au/cloud-accounting-software-tools. Rives, W 2015, Quora, viewed 25 August 2016, https://www.quora.com/What-is-current-the-market-size-for-small-business-accounting. Ryan, E 2012, GAA Accounting, viewed 25 August 2016, https://www.gaaaccounting.com/the-evolution-of-accounting-software-past-present-and-future/. Scott, B 2015, 'Accounting Software Grows Up', The Accounting Journal. Stock, B 2014, 360 Cloud, viewed 25 August 2016, https://blog.360cloudsolutions.com/how-to-overcome-challenges-in-the-dynamic-software-industry.

Systematic Identification of Bacillus Subtilis and Serratia Marcescens Through a Battery of Tests and Plates Introduction free essay sample

The purpose of this experiment was to use a systematic battery of tube tests and plates designed to lead to identification of two unknown bacterial species, from the combination of all results. A sample of bacteria was used, labeled â€Å"Sample 4†, from which both species was to be obtained, one gram positive and one gram negative. Table 1 is a list of the possible bacteria to be identified; the basic ideas and practice of identification of an unknown sample of bacteria are important for a microbiologist to develop. Not only is proper procedural practice necessary, the investigator must use critical thinking to solve the puzzle that an unknown bacterial sample represents. The essential idea of bacterial identification and grouping based on testable characteristics is referred to as taxonomy. The types of tests and the efficiency of the identification or taxonomic placement depend upon both the critical reasoning of the microbiologist and a well-designed plan. We will write a custom essay sample on Systematic Identification of Bacillus Subtilis and Serratia Marcescens Through a Battery of Tests and Plates Introduction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The tests performed and used in the determination of the gram positive bacteria in Sample 4 were the gram stain, esculin hydrolysis, catalase production, and observations from MSA, NA, and blood agar plates. The tests performed and used in the determination of the gram negative bacteria in Sample 4 were the gram stain, TSI slant, citrate utilization, indole production, and observations from EMB, NA, and DNase plates. All tests performed were reasoned to differentiate distinct characteristics of bacteria from the other possibilities, thus identifying the two unknown species in Sample 4. Table 1: List of possible bacterial species. Bacterial Species Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Proteus mirabilis Shigella flexneri Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus subtilis Enterobacter aerogenes Enterococcus faecalis Serratia marcescens Distinct plate results and observations were expected to be essential to the bacterial determination of both species in Sample 4. During the identification, the bacteria were plated to multiple NA (Nutrient Agar) plates. Nutrient Agar is a general agar medium containing chemicals essential for growing most culturable bacteria in the lab; it is not considered a selective or differential medium, it simply gives insight into general colony characteristics (Madigan et al, 2012). Each of the two different species of bacteria underwent a gram stain; the gram stain method involves staining and counterstaining a sample of cells, in which the results depend upon the composition and thickness of elements of the cell wall. Gram negative cells have more chemically complex cell walls, gram positive cells are less complex yet have a thicker layer of a component called peptidoglycan. The difference in results from a Gram stain is because of this distinction in cell wall composition. After treatment with iodine and decolorization with acetone, gram positive bacteria retain the coloration of the first dye used, and gram negative bacteria are counterstained with the color of the second dye (Madigan et al, 2012). After identification of a bacterial sample as gram positive or negative, the latter may be plated to an EMB plate, the former to an MSA plate. Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) plates are designed with selective high concentrations of salt, as well as a differential yellow color change which indicates bacteria that ferment mannitol. Eosin Methelyne Blue (EMB) plates are formulated for the encouragement of growth for gram negative bacterial species; EMB plates can also indicate the bacterial fermentation of lactose if the plated colonies are purple after incubation (Levine, 1981). Two other plates commonly used to identify characteristics of bacteria are the DNase and blood agar plate. A DNase plate is an agar plate used to test for a microorganism that employs the enzyme DNase, which breaks down DNA. A DNase plate contains DNA bound to a dye embedded in the agar, this dye is only colored when bound to the negatively charged DNA particle. If DNA on the plate is broken down by a microorganism, the dye will no longer be bound to it, and thus no longer be colored. A positive result for DNase then, is a clearing zone or â€Å"halo† around the bacterial streak on the plate (Menzies, 1977). A blood agar plate is used to test a gram positive microorganism’s hemolysis activity. Hemolysis is the breakdown of red blood cells, thus an agar plate embedded with red blood cells is used to test for this activity. If red blood cells are broken down, the red color of the agar will disappear and the result is said to be positive beta-hemolysis; if there is no clearing under or around the microorganisms the result is said to be negative gamma-hemolysis (Brown, 1991). Plate results are an important framework on which to rest the slant and tube tests that follow them. The results of slant and liquid tube tests give indications on less of a spectrum basis than plate results, but can be just as useful when many are compiled together. The bile esculin hydrolysis test is a selective and differential slant used to identify bacteria of the genus Enterococcus. The test contains bile salts to select for the desired bacteria, and differentiates because the hydrolysis of esculin and subsequent combination of the products with iron produces a black color. A positive test for the bile esculin slant is a completely blackened tube (Lindell et al, 1975). A triple sugar iron (TSI) slant is used to identify sugar fermentation in a microorganism; it contains a red pH-sensitive dye that will turn yellow under acidic conditions, such as contact with the acidic byproducts of sugar fermentation. The three sugars, sucrose, lactose and glucose, are present in specific concentrations, 1%, 1%, and . 1% respectively (Hajna, 1945). The combination of the color change results and the location in the tube of the changes allows for a multitude of varying results. The TSI slant is a useful launch point for an investigation of this type, because the varying results can give a solid idea of what direction the remainder of the tests must take. A citrate utilization test is used to determine if an organism uses citrate as its only source of carbon, a positive result will change the dye in the slant from green to blue due to the byproducts changing the pH in the tube (Kiska et al, 2002). An indole production test is used to indicate if an organism can degrade the chemical tryptophan into indole and other products. After incubation, the tube is tested for indole production by the addition of Kovac’s reagent; the reagents indicates a positive result if it is colored red in the tube, negative if it is not red (Watanabe et al, 1972). A catalase test is a slightly different category of test than plates or slants; it used to determine if a microorganism uses the enzyme catalase. If, upon placement of a drop of hydrogen peroxide on a bacterial colony, bubbles are produced, the bacteria has broken down the H2O2 into water and oxygen. The oxygen production is responsible for the bubbles, thus bubbling is said to be a positive test for the enzyme catalase (Keilin et al, 1938). The systematic inventory of the results obtained from all of the tests allowed the gram negative and gram positive species of bacteria in Sample 4 to be determined as Serratia marcescens and Bacillus subtulis, respectively. Procedure: The bacterial tube labeled â€Å"Sample 4† was obtained, the bacteria inside were streaked for isolation to an NA plate and incubated overnight at 37 ° C. Distinguishing by isolated colony color and morphology on the NA plate, a gram stain was performed on one of each of the two distinct colony types. The gram negative bacteria was both plated to an EMB plate and streaked to a new NA plate for isolation. The gram positive was both plated to an MSA plate and also streaked to a new NA plate for isolation. The plates were incubated overnight at 37 ° C. Colonies isolated on the gram positive NA plate were used to inoculate all of the following tests. A bile esculin slant was streaked along the surface with a loop. The slant was incubated overnight at 37 ° C and the results were recorded. A blood agar hemolysis activity plate was streaked for isolation, and then incubated overnight at 37 ° C, the results were recorded. Finally, a catalase test was performed by directly placing a drop of hydrogen peroxide on a colony of the NA plate and the results were recorded immediately. Colonies isolated on the gram negative NA plate were used to inoculate all of the following tests. A TSI slant was first stabbed through to the bottom, and then streaked along the surface with a loop. The surface of a citrate slant was streaked in a zigzag pattern. A tube of broth containing tryptophan was inoculated with a loop full of bacteria for the indole test. After incubation, two drops of Kovac’s reagent was added to this tube and the color of the drops was recorded. All of the tests above were incubated for 24 hours, with the exception of the citrate test which incubated for 48 hours at 37 ° C, the results were subsequently recorded. A DNase plate was marked down the center; each half was designated to one of the two species, and a single straight streak of a colony from the respective NA plates was set onto the agar. The DNase plate was incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours, results were observed and recorded. As all results were recorded, they were compared to previously collected data to decide what still needed to be tested to come to a bacterial determination. Results: The following results are summed up in Table 2. The initial NA plate gave two distinct colony morphologies and colors: large fuzz-edged off-white colonies, and small, pink smooth colonies. The gram stain for the off-white colonies returned purple long bacillus bacteria; the gram stain for the pink colonies showed many small pink bacillus. The MSA plate showed a yellow color change with medium sized colonies. The EMB plate inspection gave small smooth pink colonies. The bile esculin slant showed no color change. The blood agar plate also showed no change in color and no clearing zone around the bacterial colonies. Upon placement of hydrogen peroxide on the colonies for the catalase test, bubbles were observed immediately. A yellow butt and red slant was the observed result from the TSI slant. The off-white colony side of the DNAse plate showed no clearing, the other half had pink smooth colonies with a halo clearing zone surrounding the streak. Upon addition of Kovac’s reagent to the indole test, the reagent was a yellow-orange color. The citrate slant resulted in a color change from green to blue of the entire slant. Table 2: Summary of results obtained from both species in Sample 4. TestOff-white Colony ResultsPink Colony Results NA Platelarge, fuzz-edged colonies, off-white colorsmall, smooth colonies, pink color EMB PlateN/Asmall, smooth pink colonies MSA Platesmall colonies, yellowing of agarN/A Bile Esculin Slantno color change, yellowN/A Blood Agar Plateno change, no clearingN/A Indole TubeN/Aorange-yellow reagent drops Citrate TubeN/Ablue color change TSI SlantN/Ayellow butt, red slant Catalase TestN/ABubbles Dnase Plateno clearing zone observedbright pink colonies, obvious clearing zone Discussion: A compilation of all results led to the determination of both species of bacteria present in Sample 4. The purple color, indicating a thick peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall, of the gram stain for the off-white colonies implied the presence of gram positive bacteria. The pink coloration, indicating a thin peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall, of the gram stain for the pink colonies was indicative of gram negative bacteria. Based on the following results and reasoning, the gram negative species in Sample 4 was determined to be Serratia mercescans. First examined in the determination were the TSI slant results. The yellow butt and red slant of the test imply the bacteria fermented only one of the three sugars present in the agar: glucose. This is understood when the concentrations of each sugar is examined; if either lactose or sucrose had been fermented, the entire tube would have changed color, if no sugars were fermented, the tube would have remained the same red as before. The significance of the butt of the tube changing color and not the slant indicated fermentation of only glucose, as there is not enough glucose in the slant to turn the whole tube yellow. These results are supported by research suggesting S. marcescens ferments glucose, but does not ferment either lactose or sucrose (Wilfert et al, 1970). The DNase plate was essential to the identification because of the distinct result; the obvious clearing zone around the bacteria indicated DNase activity, and the pink colonies on the plate were definitive for that test. S. marcescens is proven to test positive for DNase activity 92. 4% of the time, as well as show consistently pink colored colonies (Wilfert et al, 1970). The citrate utilization test was positive because the dye in the tube changed color from green to blue, denoting an alkaline pH change resulting from the breakdown of citrate by the bacteria. The result of the indole production test was negative, because the added Kovac’s reagent was not colored red. S. marcescens has been proven to test positive 100% of the time for citrate utilization, and test negative 99% of the time for indole production (Wilfert et al, 1970). The NA and EMB plates further solidified the identification of the gram negative bacteria as S. marcescens. The species has consistently smooth, pink colonies on nutrient agar, as well as on EMB. The sample was also consistent in testing negative for the fermentation of lactose because it did not result in purple colonies on the EMB plate, the color remained unchanged. Overall, the distinctive compilation of the test and plate results in comparison to known characteristics of all possible bacterial unknowns for the gram negative bacteria allowed for determination as S. marcescens; possibly most notable: the constant pink coloration of the colonies. The gram positive species in Sample 4 was determined to be Bacillus subtilis based upon the observed results and observations, as well as detailed research information describing typical B. subtilis characteristics. A very powerful early indication of B. subtilis came from information attainable from the gram stain, cell morphology. Every cell observed on the slide was bacillus or rod shaped; of the three possible gram positive bacteria (B. subtilis, S. aureus, and S. faecalis) only B. subtilis is morphologically bacillus, the others are coccus. The result of the catalase test was clearly positive, the immediate production of bubbles indicated a bacteria able to break hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. B. subtilis has been shown to test positive for the enzyme catalase; the species is even occasionally used as a model organism in laboratory catalase research (Bol et al, 1991). The response of the bacteria to the esculin hydrolysis test indicates a negative result. No black color change indicated that the esculin in the slant was not broken down, and there were no byproducts to bind to iron and turn the tube black. In an aside to the initial morphology result, the esculin hydrolysis and catalase tests indicate the gram positive unknown is not S. faecalis, a species known to show color change for esculin hydrolysis and negative for the catalase enzyme (Zervos et al, 1987). The blood agar showed no change in the agar, indicating gamma-hemolysis. B. subtilis has not been known to typically lyse blood cells, the model laboratory organism S. aureus has been known to exhibit this characteristic (Fairweather et al, 1983). This final test, in conjunction with the gram stain morphology result, discounts the possibility the unknown species is S. aureus, leaving the final determination of the gram positive unknown in Sample 4 as B. subtilis. In the era of phylogeny, the determination of a bacterial species’ place in the tree of life by way of nucleotide base pair sequencing, taxonomic studies such as this have taken a back seat in true bacterial identification. Phylogeny, however, requires much more time and analysis than the determination of bacteria by testing for certain characteristics; this difference is worth the sacrifice in exact results in situations where an unknown bacteria has caused infection or contamination. Thus, batteries of tests and plates are used commonly in clinical situations where the medical response may need to be immediately determined to help an individual, or prevent an outbreak. Typically, the same strategy of testing by design is used by those in the medical field to launch an investigation into an unknown pathogen or contaminant. The investigator must combine all their knowledge and skill to come to an accurate conclusion, making this type of experiment an essential tool for microbiologists.

How To Get A Scholarship From A Sample Essay

How To Get A Scholarship From A Sample EssayYou can find a great sample essay for a scholarship at places like Kaplan University, Paralegal Academy and the school's website. Some of these examples may be even more impressive than what you can do yourself if you are trying to get a scholarship. It will be important to find a format that will best fit your needs.An essay for a scholarship is usually part of a portfolio of past student loans, financial aid forms, letter of intent letters and transcripts. In some cases, the scholarship money is already there waiting for you. This is often the case if the school or individual has an outstanding amount of outstanding scholarships and financial aid.This gives you a great opportunity to show how you will benefit from getting a scholarship. It shows a history of why you would be a good candidate for getting a scholarship, and why you would use it properly. There are several sample essays that can help you with this. They will give you some in formation about the process and will also give you information about the guidelines that apply to your application.There are several ways to go about getting a scholarship. One of the main reasons that colleges offer these scholarships is to give to people who need financial aid and find it difficult to get it. People who do not have the money to pay for college have a higher chance of going to college, so they should use this opportunity to get money for their education.A sample essay for a scholarship is an easy way to show that you can use your scholarship correctly. This can help you get a scholarship for your special skills and use it to get some real financial aid for school. It can also show other students that you have great potential, and this can help get you noticed by more than one college in your class.The essay is typically short and it is not long. It usually includes information about you, your situation, and why you feel like this scholarship will help you. This is used by many people and it is generally a very good method to use.There are also lots of resources on the internet that will help you write this type of essay. You may even be able to get a sample that was used by someone else in order to make it yours. This will make your application stand out and this can really make a difference.This sample essay can help you get a scholarship. It will show you how to use this opportunity to make sure that you can use it to help you in your college career. It will show you what to include and what to leave out of your essay and make sure that you are as honest as possible.