Prove Me Wrong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Prove Me Wrong - Essay Example I cannot affirm that this has changed. However, it has come to my concern that looks can be deceiving, and what I think is right is not necessarily so. I trust easily, I am kind, I care, and I love my family and friends. Whilst these personal traits might not change over my lifetime, handling them with ultimate care is vital. They make me easy to persuade, subsequently vulnerable to exploitation. It is in the family setting that I learned to stand by my friends and family. Whenever an issue occurred, social or financial, I would do my best to save the situation. For this reason, everybody seemed to like me. My family and friends enjoyed my company and came to me for help any time they felt like. I would give my advice or offer whatever I have if the issue was financial. However, I expected that anything borrowed from me should be returned, especially where monetary values were attached. Months and years passed before things started changing. After some time, I realized that my genero sity, kindness, care, and love were being taken for granted. They started being used as avenues to exploit me. My friends and family had known me too well, allowing them to take advantage of my weak point.

The Claim of English women to the Suffrage Constitutionally Considered Essay Example for Free

The Claim of English women to the Suffrage Constitutionally Considered Essay 1.Classification a.Text type: This is an article published in the â€Å"Westminster Review† in 1867. b.Cultural and historical background: It dates back to 1867, Victorian period (1837-1901), which corresponds with the reign of Queen Victoria. This was an extremely exciting period, sometimes called â€Å"the second British Renaissance†. It was published after the amendment to the Bill presented by John Stuart Mill, backed up by 1500 signatures, including some of the most remarkable women at that time. His petition for women’s suffrage was rejected. c.Author: Helen Taylor was born in 1831. Her mother, Harriet Taylor, was particularly politically active, supporting women’s rights. As John Stuart Mill’s step-daughter, Helen helped him with his books and articles after her mother’s death. In 1865 Mill got a seat in the House of Commons and presented a petition in favour of women having the right to vote in 1866. His petition was defeated. In 1967 she published this article and she was a founding member of the London Society for Women’s Suffrage. d.Addressee: I think that this article was thought to act as a support document for the incipient women’s suffrage movement. She was preparing the ground for a more formal petition, as though Mill’s petition containing around 1500 signatures was turned down. She was echoing the women petition while societies demanding women’s vote were flourishing all around the country. I think this was intended to be a declaration calling for the women right to vote. 2.Analysis Miss Taylor first published it as an anonymous article in the â€Å"Westminster Review† in January 1867 and it was reprinted afterwards. She based her position on the idea that since women were fully allowed by English law to hold all kinds of properties, so they should to vote in the election of the Parliament representatives: â€Å"This petition [†¦] sets forth that the possession of property in this country carries with it the right to vote†. So it was that even American politicians fought against slave’s right to vote based on their inability to hold property. According to Taylor, it was â€Å"hard to see how, if the law of England endows a woman with property, it can, [†¦] deprive her of the essential privilege†. Following the legal positivism developed by thinkers such us Jeremy Bentham (Westminster Review founder), she based her claim on constitutional grounds stating that women were only asking for the recognition of rights that â€Å"flew naturally from the existing laws and institutions of the country†. She stressed the importance of this social movement, mentioning the number of women’s signatures (fifteen hundred) which backed up the official petition presented to House of Commons by Mr. J. S. Mill in 1867, demanding the vote for women. In addition, she set a 10 to 1 ratio. For each woman that signed the petition, there would be ten that also supported the idea but for several reasons, were not able to express themselves. She thought that it should be taken into account when considering the petition and signatories should be regarded as representatives of larger social body. She then referred to what she called â€Å"domestic despotism†, which did not allow women to openly speak their minds. Apart from grounding her petition on the British Constitution and the already recognized right to property and its management, she highlighted that women were perfectly adequate for the government and management as female sovereigns were. Ironically, Queen Victoria, was openly opposed to such kinds of political concessions to women. â€Å"Universal Suffrage† as the word said, implied the personal representation, which comprised both men and women. That brought up the theory of â€Å"class representation† according to which all mothers, wives and women were part of a very large group by virtue of their female condition. Again, she underlined the odd position in which laws placed women who were property owners. She described that as an â€Å"anomaly of the system†, as anyone entitled by law to hold and manage property, should also be able to take part in the political decisions, as they may have side-effects on their properties. She thought that this political exclusion was due to a prior period when women were not able to own properties and as a result, they were not included among the voters. English law â€Å"has long ago refused to drive women into marriage, as sheep are driven into a fold, by shutting every gate against them but the one they are intended to go through†, this comparison drew a very clear image of the kind of â€Å"anomaly† Taylor was talking about. Women needed to be able to protect their possessions within the legal frame, and one of the very first steps was to be given the right to choose their representatives at the Parliament. She also analyzed what would happen if this petition was admitted and the vote to women was granted. She thought that in a way, men were afraid of losing their decision power and that was why the objected to the petition. They should not be afraid of independent women, as they were already acting that way, governing their own lifes and properties. Occasionally voting, will not make any difference. Besides, she thought that politics at the time were full of â€Å"domestic† subjects, such as education, labour regulation, water supplies, etc. 3.Conclusion The Industrial Revolution (a period from 18th to 19th century) dramatically changed everyday’s life in the United Kingdom. Women taking part in the workforce with new kinds of jobs, tough working conditions, etc. were a challenge for the traditional idea of the women’s role, and its relationship with the environment. Traditionally the woman’s place was the house, children and home caring, playing an absolutely secondary role, subordinated to her husband. This article can be considered one of the major texts regarding the role of women in the Victorian society and the controversial right of women’s suffrage. Taylor made a unique contribution to the suffrage movement. Apart from playing an active founding role in different women’s suffrage associations with this article, she gave visibility to an old claim, organizing a widespread campaign getting thousands of signatures to back up the formal petition. In my opinion, Helen makes a mistake with regards to her consideration of the legal position of women and property, particularly in the case of married women. They were not able to exercise any rights over their property most of the times. It was their husband the one entitled to do so on her behalf. That â€Å"full property† she mentions as basic pillar for her theory is not such, except in the case of some widows and single women. However, Taylor was a pioneer in the movement for womens rights and her contribution was valuable in the battle for equality in the context of a shaky era such as the Victorian. This can be considered one of the milestones regarding the role of women, as it was one the early demands for womens suffrage in the United Kingdom.

Mirror :: essays research papers

The Mirror Steam rose from the water and filled the bathroom with ghostly, swirling eddies, and phantasms of white, transparent ribbons of vapor. Tracy basked in the water, relishing the prickly fingers of hot water as it soothed the muscles of her body. Her red hair lay in wet, matted strings over her shoulders and breasts. Her eyelids were closed, hiding her deep, emerald green eyes. Tears squeeze from her eyes as the memory of the phone call echoed through her mind. It had been a woman’s voice on the other end of the line, and she had asked for Justin, Tracy’s husband. Tracy was high strung with emotions and the sound of that woman’s voice sparked the thought that her husband was cheating on her. The hardest part of it all for her to believe was that when Justin got home that night, Tracy confronted him with her fears. Justin didn’t hesitate in telling her that, yes, he was having an affair. She was so distraught over the news that she had kicked him out of the ho use after a lengthy screaming match. Now, Tracy sat in the tub, water to her chin, and her right hand on the ledge of the tub, fumbling lightly with a single edge razor blade. She opened her eyes and delicately ran her finger over the shinning blade. She’d teach Justin. One swipe of the blade and he’d be regretting ever sleeping around on her. She lifted the blade and brought it over to the opposite wrist. As her hand lifted off the edge of the tub, she notices something odd in the mirror. The mirror was completely steamed over with a white, hazy mist, and on the surface of the mirror, written in the condensation, was a short statement that made Tracy’s breath catch in her throat. DON’T DO IT, TRACY! Tracy jerked out of the water, splashing a bunch onto the floor. The statement was written in a loose, looping, and broken script, almost as if it had been written by a child. Before her eyes, the mirror steamed over again and the words disappeared. The razor drops into the water, forgotten. â€Å"Who did that?† she asked the room, knowing that nobody could have done it, she was alone in the house. â€Å"Who’s there?† She carefully gets out of the tub and wraps herself in a large, blue towel.

Killing as a Moral Barometer in Macbeth :: Free Macbeth Essays

Killing as a Moral Barometer in Macbeth  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeare's play Macbeth, the title character is a killer. Through the course of the play, he kills five different people or groups of people, one in each act. These are, respectively, Macdonwald, Duncan, Banquo, Macduff's family, and Young Siward. These five killings are different. In the beginning, Macbeth kills for his king. He then suffers a fall from grace before finally becoming a noble figure again in the end. But more interesting than this process is the way in which Shakespeare shows us the changes in Macbeth's character. Shakespeare uses the killings as a sort of "barometer" to illustrate these changes. Before the play begins, Macbeth's Scotland and Norway fight a war. In this war, Macbeth is a hero, admired for his courage and strength: But all's too weak; For brave Macbeth (well he deserves that name) Disdaining Fortune, with his brandished steel, Which smoked like bloody execution, Like valor's minion, carved out his passage Till he faced the slave; Which ne'er shook hands, nor bade farewell to him Till he unseamed him from the nave to th' chops And fixed his head upon our battlements. (Captain, 1.2.17-25) The killing that the Captain describes here is Macbeth's most heroic killing. The Captain admires him for his remarkable bravery. The other members of the Scottish court continue in praising him. Macbeth's motive for killing here is, unlike all his later murders, not a personal reason. It is a selfless, courageous, heroic deed that is thought to be able to save Scotland from utter destruction. Shakespeare uses this killing to introduce the audience to Macbeth. Here, we see Macbeth as a hero. This is possibly the most potent way in which Shakespeare could introduce Macbeth's heroism to us. What could be more heroic than killing for one's king? Similarly, what could be so evil as killing one's king? Macbeth, thanks to his bravery in the war, is made the Thane of Cawdor, part of a three-part prophecy given him by the Weird Sisters. Macbeth yearns to complete the prophecy and become King. Yet at this point, Macbeth is torn between killing and not killing. He is loyal to Duncan: "He's here in double trust:/First, as I am his kinsman and his subject,/Strong both against the deed; then, as his host,/Who should against his murderer shut the door,/Not bear the knife myself. Killing as a Moral Barometer in Macbeth :: Free Macbeth Essays Killing as a Moral Barometer in Macbeth  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeare's play Macbeth, the title character is a killer. Through the course of the play, he kills five different people or groups of people, one in each act. These are, respectively, Macdonwald, Duncan, Banquo, Macduff's family, and Young Siward. These five killings are different. In the beginning, Macbeth kills for his king. He then suffers a fall from grace before finally becoming a noble figure again in the end. But more interesting than this process is the way in which Shakespeare shows us the changes in Macbeth's character. Shakespeare uses the killings as a sort of "barometer" to illustrate these changes. Before the play begins, Macbeth's Scotland and Norway fight a war. In this war, Macbeth is a hero, admired for his courage and strength: But all's too weak; For brave Macbeth (well he deserves that name) Disdaining Fortune, with his brandished steel, Which smoked like bloody execution, Like valor's minion, carved out his passage Till he faced the slave; Which ne'er shook hands, nor bade farewell to him Till he unseamed him from the nave to th' chops And fixed his head upon our battlements. (Captain, 1.2.17-25) The killing that the Captain describes here is Macbeth's most heroic killing. The Captain admires him for his remarkable bravery. The other members of the Scottish court continue in praising him. Macbeth's motive for killing here is, unlike all his later murders, not a personal reason. It is a selfless, courageous, heroic deed that is thought to be able to save Scotland from utter destruction. Shakespeare uses this killing to introduce the audience to Macbeth. Here, we see Macbeth as a hero. This is possibly the most potent way in which Shakespeare could introduce Macbeth's heroism to us. What could be more heroic than killing for one's king? Similarly, what could be so evil as killing one's king? Macbeth, thanks to his bravery in the war, is made the Thane of Cawdor, part of a three-part prophecy given him by the Weird Sisters. Macbeth yearns to complete the prophecy and become King. Yet at this point, Macbeth is torn between killing and not killing. He is loyal to Duncan: "He's here in double trust:/First, as I am his kinsman and his subject,/Strong both against the deed; then, as his host,/Who should against his murderer shut the door,/Not bear the knife myself.

Discrimination and Children Essay

Diversity means the differences between individuals and groups in society arising from gender, ethnic origins, social, cultural or religious background, family structure, disabilities, sexuality and appearance. Diversity is more often perceived as a problem when it really should contribute to the community by strengthening relations between human beings. SHC33. 1 pc[1. 1b] – equality Equality means provision of equal access to opportunities and having the same rights as others. Each child needs to be treated as an individual and in this way people caring for it will be able to promote their right of having access to equality of opportunity and of being treated with equal concern. In this way children are able to progress along the pathway of development and learning. Equality of opportunity means that each individual in society experiences opportunities to achieve and flourish which are as good as the opportunities experiences by other people. Equal concern means taking as much care to promote the opportunities and progress of one child as you do for any other child. SHC33. 1 pc[1. 1c] – inclusion. Inclusion represents a process of identifying, understanding and breaking down barriers to participation and belonging. All settings should work towards inclusion, as applying it means that the setting promotes positive aspects of diversity and offers children equal chances in life. SHC33. 1 pc[1. 2] Describe the potential effects of discrimination. Discrimination means treating someone less or more favourably than other people, because they or their family are seen as belonging to a particular group in society. Discrimination can be classified in open discrimination (sexual and racial harassment) and covert or indirect discrimination (favouring one group over another – this often prevents individuals from participating fully in society because of hidden or unspoken rules). The most common bases of discrimination are: 1. Ethnicity/race (based on an individual’s ethnic/racial background) 2. Gender (based on the sex/gender of the individual) 3. Disability (based on an individual having a disability) 4. Social situation (based on social status) 5. Cultural (based on deference in cultural values) Prejudice is a judgement or opinion, often negative, of a person or group, made without careful consideration or accurate relevant information, which may lead to the view that some people are inferior to, or of less worth or significance. Examples of assumptions causing prejudice: Some people are of less value, or inferior to, or of less worth or significance than others (defined by skin colour, gender, impairment, sexuality, appearance); Some people are less capable than others; One culture/religion or social group is superior to another If a family is not a two-parent nuclear family, with parents of different genders and the same ethnicity, it is not â€Å"normal†. Prejudice leads to discrimination. Effects of discrimination in children can be seen as damaged self-esteem, self-image and self-confidence on the psychic side. Effects on health could lead to particularly mental health such as anxiety or depression. Effects on education could lead to not achieving full potential at school, leading to difficulties in gaining employment. Long term prospects of effects on education could mean getting trapped in a cycle of poverty due to poor education and employment opportunities. Relationship difficulties could lead to difficulties in socialising and forming healthy relationships. The potential effects of discrimination can be different for different people. The effects can be physical, emotional or a combination of both. For example children with disabilities may not be given a chance to join in with activities due to others thinking that their disability prevents them from being able to do so. This will make the child feel very different from others.

Effective Communication Paper

Effective Communication Paper Effective Communication Paper Effective Communication Paper Debra L. Penta HCS 325 January 13,2014 Sandra Marken Effective Communication Paper Trends in virtually every workplace require employees to connect with co-workers and people who work at different locations in a professional and cohesive manner. Our employees are being asked to add to their job descriptions in order to facilitate what is needed to be achieved during the course of the day. Just as job descriptions change periodically, so do the requirements. One the biggest areas of change is how your organization may choose to communicate and share knowledge with their employees and their vendors as well as other people who come into contact with your organization (Lombardi, 2007). I have selected the Matrix Model to pattern the organization after. While I can see where it may be difficult to use with two managers who could disagree a lot, I think of the other models, this is the one which would allow the most lateral growth. By that, I mean that even though you may have two people who do not get along, hopefully they would put the best interest of the organization first. By lateral growth I mean that the managers should still do their jobs and set up their teams to meet their objectives. Not only that, but the managers need to continue to be supportive, clear, and honest with what they expect from their teams (Lombardi, 2007). As a team member I would find it much easier to work with a knowledge of what I was supposed to do as an employee and it would make it would it make for a pleasant work environment if my managers were approachable. To keep their team informed the mangers should plan to hold weekly meeting at which any new information could be shared w ith their teams. In order to make these meetings beneficial to the managers they could apply the Round Robin Technique to extract suggestions from hesitant employees. The Round Robin Technique is a technique that can be verbal or non-verbal or both. A question that may be asked from a manager can be answered verbally or written on a piece of paper, either way it is allows people who do not generally get involved with participating in meetings the chance to be heard (Lombardi, 2007). Maybe down the road when they become comfortable with how the meetings are run will no longer feel the necessity to write their answers down but will communicate verbally. The technique that I found that was the least successful was the use of sticky notes posted here and there. I don’t find it to be very logical. I believe that if the information is imperative and important enough to be communicated immediately the use of a smart phone and a text would be appropriate. I also think if that fails, a phone call could be the next course of action. Stress also plays a large part of workplace annoyances. Some of the ways a manager can help their employee’s with stress is make them aware of the fact that you are aware of their stresses and provide some suggestions in the form of posters in the break room. 1.- Realize when you’re stressed, recognize your particular stress response, and become familiar with sensual cues that can rapidly calm and energize you. The best way to reduce stress quickly is through the senses; through sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch. But each person responds differently to sensory input, so you need to try to find things that are soothing to you (Seagal, 2013). 2.-Stay connected to your internal emotional experience so you

Gay Adoption Essay Example

Gay Adoption Essay Example Gay Adoption Essay Gay Adoption Essay In this day and age, families come in all shapes and sizes. Some families are complete in the traditional way; a mom, dad, golden retriever and 2 kids. Other families are complete in an alternate sense of the word; one parent in the home, two parents in different homes or children being raised by other family members. However, more and more families are same sex parents, adding another side to the idea of the family unit. Adoption by homosexual couples is controversial, and its important to consider the advantages and disadvantages as well. I feel that homosexuals who adopt can be Just as loving and nurturing as a traditional family adoption. Studies show that same sex parents are more stable than heterosexual parents; and according to Frederick Hertz, are more likely to stay together. A stable house is ideal for an adopted child. Children, who are raised in homes with two dads or two moms, are unlikely to be homophobic. When you grow up in that type of environment the child is more open to different views and beliefs. In a perfect world we would have no sin; however we vive in a very fallen, sinful world. : There are choices and consequences that find ourselves dealing with in this time. More often than not, you see people conforming to the ways of the world and homosexuality is no exception. It is so accepted today and so wide spread that homosexual adoption was bound to become an issue to discuss. With the number of homosexuals increasing and the desire for them to offer their heart and homes to an abandoned child, this option seems viable. Love should win out when a child is involved. Not politics or public opinion but love. Even though gay marriage isnt favored in religious views, if that family is going to love that child, I feel that it is better for them to adopt than to be in Foster Care. Is homosexuality the godly way to live? No it isnt, but we find ourselves living in darkness in 2012 and if we can find some love, stability and support for a precious child, I say give it to them. The foster care system should be ashamed of the service or lack of services they provide for these precious gifts, the babies and children tossed from family to family, from situation to situation. Some good, bad and inwrought scary, what choices do we have? Stop an unconventional family from providing love or making the best of a bad situation and open our eyes and hearts to a new idea. As children grow up, they face many problems. Some require a mothers touch and some require a sturdy yet loving hand off father. But what if there are two moms or two dads? According to The First Posts list of pros and cons of gay adoption, Boys without fathers under-achieve, especially since there are now fewer male teachers in primary schools. When children are adopted by two homosexual parents, they are arced to find role models of the gender they are lacking in other areas, like relatives or friends. Raised in a homosexual household have the potential of teasing and bullying in their schools. Other kids may outcast them and make fun of them for their different family lifestyle. Children who are adopted by homosexual couples will have to deal with cruel classmates, only adding to the struggl e of their everyday life. As written in the Bible, Leviticus 18:22 Homosexual acts are an abomination to God. So why should we let the children grow up with it? In the Bible it also implies that marriage is a sacred bond between man and woman. We dont want children thinking that it is o. K. For a man to marry another man, or women to marry each other. In 1st Corinthians 6:9-10, Paul lists ten things that will keep you out of heaven, which includes homosexuality and being effeminate. Many conservative Christians believe that homosexuality is sinful, and gay people often face various kinds of discrimination. Their children might face similar issues. Homosexuality is a very controversial topic alone, but homosexual adoption is even more biased. We need to focus on the children that need a loving family. Not only on what the family unit looks like. The best situation is not available for us, that every woman that is given the miracle of childbirth would love and cherish that child forever. However this has never been the case, so these unwanted children are abandoned and forgot. They wait and wait for a family, some get chosen others continue to wait. If we can in anyway shorten the wait, let us do it. Let us give love whenever possible. Reference Page: pros: Lapel, Gideon. Florida Gay Adoption I Domestic Partnership.

How To Become an Activist and Get Involved

How To Become an Activist and Get Involved Its as much a calling as it is a profession. You see something wrong in the world and you want to change it. There are countless ways to do that, from petitioning lawmakers to protesting on the street to personally helping and advocating for a single victim of injustice. If this sounds like something that appeals to you, heres how to go about establishing a career as a civil liberties activist.   Difficulty: N/A Time Required: Variable Heres How: Figure out what youre most passionate about. Are you interested in civil liberties in general, or is there a specific civil liberties-related issue such as free speech, abortion or gun rights that interest you?Get educated. Read up on your American history  and develop a functional understanding of how the government works.Develop sound arguments to back up your positions. Two highly effective ways to do this include familiarizing yourself with the arguments used by people with whom you agree, as well as with arguments used by people with whom you disagree.Keep up with current events. Scour the Internet and find blogs that focus on your topic. Read newspapers and follow the evening news for issues you might not even have thought about yet, issues that are just beginning to reach a boiling point.Join a group. Activists dont work well alone. Your best bet is to join a group that focuses on your concern. Attend local chapter meetings. If there is no local chapter, consider starting on e. Networking with other activists will educate you, provide you with a support network, and help you focus your energies on productive activism strategies. Tips: Be practical. Dont get so caught up in your hope for radical, sweeping reforms that you lose sight of real opportunities to make incremental progress.Dont hate people you disagree with. If you forget how to communicate with people on the other side of the issue, youll lose your ability to bring others around to your way of thinking.Dont lose hope. You will almost certainly experience depressing setbacks, but activist movements take time. Womens suffrage was advocated in the United States as far back as the 18th century and only became a reality in 1920.Go back to school if you dont already have a degree. This goes hand-in-hand with educating yourself, but it serves another purpose as well. That degree will open doors that might have otherwise remained closed to you. A law degree is a lofty goal, but lawyers are trained in the skills and weapons that are necessary to tackle broad platforms at governmental levels. Even a bachelors degree in pre-law or one of the social sciences can be immensely helpful, and nothing says you cant pursue your cause or causes while youre going to school. Many famous activists have done just that.

Discussion on Learning Experiment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion on Learning Experiment - Essay Example However, there were certain theories that did predict that no difference would occur in the aformentioned conditions or target cues. This discussion will outline these thoeries. It will likewise discuss why Cue A in the experiment caused impairments in causal judgement about Cue B relative to the other conditions. One of the thoerists that predicted a noticeable difference between target cues E and G was Kamin. His study proposed that in a blocking experiment, if the US is changed during Stage 2 (e.g., by making it significantly stronger or weaker), then significant new learning can occur about the added element (CS2) of the Compound CS, and strong conditioned responses to CS2 will be expressed in Stage 3. The "surprising" change in the US supports formation of new associations during Stage 2, since CS2 is the "best predictor" of the surprising change in the US. However, Kamin also suggested that this will not be the case when for target cue E. He proposed a difference between the two situations which was not demonstrated in the experiment conducted. With regards to the rational behind the ability of cue A to impair causal judgement relative to target cue B, this can best be explained by refering to the associative learning theory promulgated by Rescorla and Wagner.

#2 Religion Reflection Assignment on a reading by Scarboro and Luck Essay

#2 Religion Reflection Assignment on a reading by Scarboro and Luck called The Goddess and Power (Reading material is uploaded) - Essay Example While thinking about the first question the researcher discovered that the exposition of the paper makes a reader indulge into reflective mode since the reader is compelled to question what the real objective of the authors could be in writing this paper. It appears as if the author would discuss the emergence of religious diversity in order to show the accommodative, liberal and diverse nature of the American religious arena. However, the terms â€Å"religious plethora† â€Å"pagan ceremonies† and â€Å"radical† (Scarboro and Luck, 69) used in the second paragraph bear negative connotation for beliefs like Wicca and Witchcraft and seem to belittle the value of these beliefs in the very onset. This implies that the authors consider all such religious practices somewhat alien to the mainstream America belief systems. The research questions brought forward by the authors – â€Å"What is the appeal of witchcraft to contemporary Americans?† and â€Å"W hat does Wicca offer to the wider American religious tradition?† (69) – also implicate alienation, separation and distancing of these religious beliefs form the authors’ own beliefs. The wording and terminology used here could look more convincing if the authors had used more neutral language. The discussion also implies that the attributes of Wicca religion and the Witches’ attack on Christian beliefs make the readers assume that Wicca Witches are insolently bold and believe in personal and communal freedom. The words like â€Å"distant, stern, judging, vengeful [....] standing over against the human† (71) used by the Witches for the Christian God implicate that the Witches believe in a belief system which does not have any threat of judgement or punishment. Likewise, the gender inclusive nature of divinity in Wicca culture also sounds striking and imply that the practitioners of this religion believe in human rights and, more specifically speaking, women rights. The male

Service Recovery Effects on Customer Satisfaction Essay

Service Recovery Effects on Customer Satisfaction - Essay Example Further, the research results showed that their was a correlation between service recovery and customer loyalty. 1. Introduction The concept of service recovery is both a business function and a critical focus point from the marketing perspective. The hotel industry is majorly based on offering intangible services and this makes service recovery an important business strategy. Essentially, service recovery entails the measures that an organization puts in place to respond to failures in service delivery. The hotel industry is prone to several variables that make it necessary to put in place service recovery strategies. Therefore, the effect of service recovery on customer satisfaction and loyalty becomes an important topic of research. To gain insight into this topic, the researcher used questionnaires to collect data which was used to analyze the impact of service delivery on customer loyalty and satisfaction in the hotel industry. 1.1 Research Aim This report aims to examine the im pacts of service recovery on customer satisfaction and loyalty in the hotel industry. ... 2. Literature Review 2.1 Service Recovery According to Keith (2008), service recovery is the well thought out process solving the issues of aggrieved customer and returning the customer to a state of satisfaction with the product or company. Service delivery can also be thought of as the set of actions a firm takes as a response to poor service quality (Andreasson, 2000). Therefore, service recovery can be considered as the response of a firm to its clients after a product or service failure with the intention of appeasing the aggrieved client and maintain their business value. The ultimate goal of service recovery is to ensure that clients maintain their business relationships with the firm that caused them the initial problem. In every organization, things occur that may have undesired effect on the customer. Hence, a company needs to have systems in place to implement corrective measures whe n things go wrong. The ultimate test of a company’s commitment to quality service is how it handles issues concerning instances of provision of below per services (Craig. 1999). He further argues that organizations need to put in place effective recovery strategies to win back a customers trust after instances problems in service delivery. Service recovery strategies are necessary to ensure that the service failures do not fit into a pattern of failure which might have devastating effects on the business enterprise (Berry 1995). Some studies indicate that excellent initial service is much better than relying on service recovery. However, other studies point out that service recovery has a greater impact on the customer than even the initial service.

Medicine and Mathematics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medicine and Mathematics - Essay Example This can, probably, be a meticulously suitable premise of physiology which is a quantitative science. Today, mathematics is applied in the every-day life while facilitating health care for people around the world. Statistical graphs of epidemics, success rates of treatments, X-rays and CAT scans are some of the examples where mathematics is applied by all mathematical professionals. CAT Scans are one of the most advanced ways in which medical veterans bring math into use. A CAT scan is a special kind of x-ray known as a Computerized Axial Tomography Scan. A standard x-ray is capable of providing with a two-dimensional view of a specific part of the body. Further, if a smaller bone is concealed amidst the x-ray machine and the larger bone, it is not possible to view the smaller bone which is like a shadow (Article, 2009). The process has developed commonly and it is quite difficult to understand the way it has developed into a miracle. CAT scan has the capability of providing an image of what a real segment would look like, however, without any real slicing (Phillips, 1999). This technique is strongly reliant on the X-ray penetrability of various tissues, similar to the conservative X-ray imaging. However, the difference lies with the fact that here, as an alternative to a single 2-dimensional X-ray image, a sequence of 1-dimensional X-ray images, which is clicked from various angles, is coalesced again mathematically into a single image of a 2-dimensional segment. Mathematics allows the reconstruction of a 2-dimesional cross-section of an entity from a sequence of 1-dimensional samplings of similar density. This technology is called the Radon Transform (Phillips, 1999). 2.2 Analysis of DNA DNA filaments are comprised of a number of joint molecules called nucleotides. Particular groups of these molecules tend to perform definite functions that are known as genes which reside in the nuclei of cells. Genes are comprised of codes for manufacturing essential substances for the body. With efficacious coding for proteins, genes have the propensity of recognizing the sequence of events which produce the traits of bodies, such as from blue eyes to blond hair, or even allergies. The passage of genes through generations helps passing on the traits as well. In case of alteration of the genes, traits are altered too, often leading to harmful results. Fascinatingly, segments of DNA tend to break and unite, thereby, scuffling the order of genes. As a result, for the reason that such changeovers possess mathematical prospects, there are various features of DNA which can be derived by knowing such prospects (Casey, 1992). Here, mathematics matches genetic sequences and such researches give way for many other aspects of genetic research as well. 2.3 Molecular Modeling Various algorithms have been deduced for molecular modeling

Desribe bahrain stock market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Desribe bahrain stock market - Essay Example In order to bring better regulation in the capital market, the regulation authority was transferred to Central Bank of Bahrain (CBB) from Ministry of Commerce during 2002 (Bahrain Bourse, â€Å"Introduction†). Capital Markets Supervision Directorate (CMSD) of Central Bank of Bahrain is the apex regulatory body responsible for supervising capital market. The primary objective of CBB in this regard is to ensure the investors’ protection by maintaining the integrity. In order to follow a globally accepted standard for proper accounting and financial reporting practices in Bahrain, it is following the principle set by International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO). The CMSD has been constantly working for developing the investors’ trust on Bahrain Bourse. CMSD undertakes a number of responsibilities like regulating the brokering houses, clearing houses and central depositories and approval of new offerings. It also undertakes the proper judiciary enforc ement, market surveillance and investor education initiatives etc (Central Bank of Bahrain-a, â€Å"Functions & Contact Details†). With matured supervision and stricter regulation, Bahrain Stock Exchange has been emerging rapidly. Currently, 50 equities 35 mutual funds and 19 bonds are listed and traded regularly.

Medicine and Mathematics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medicine and Mathematics - Essay Example This can, probably, be a meticulously suitable premise of physiology which is a quantitative science. Today, mathematics is applied in the every-day life while facilitating health care for people around the world. Statistical graphs of epidemics, success rates of treatments, X-rays and CAT scans are some of the examples where mathematics is applied by all mathematical professionals. CAT Scans are one of the most advanced ways in which medical veterans bring math into use. A CAT scan is a special kind of x-ray known as a Computerized Axial Tomography Scan. A standard x-ray is capable of providing with a two-dimensional view of a specific part of the body. Further, if a smaller bone is concealed amidst the x-ray machine and the larger bone, it is not possible to view the smaller bone which is like a shadow (Article, 2009). The process has developed commonly and it is quite difficult to understand the way it has developed into a miracle. CAT scan has the capability of providing an image of what a real segment would look like, however, without any real slicing (Phillips, 1999). This technique is strongly reliant on the X-ray penetrability of various tissues, similar to the conservative X-ray imaging. However, the difference lies with the fact that here, as an alternative to a single 2-dimensional X-ray image, a sequence of 1-dimensional X-ray images, which is clicked from various angles, is coalesced again mathematically into a single image of a 2-dimensional segment. Mathematics allows the reconstruction of a 2-dimesional cross-section of an entity from a sequence of 1-dimensional samplings of similar density. This technology is called the Radon Transform (Phillips, 1999). 2.2 Analysis of DNA DNA filaments are comprised of a number of joint molecules called nucleotides. Particular groups of these molecules tend to perform definite functions that are known as genes which reside in the nuclei of cells. Genes are comprised of codes for manufacturing essential substances for the body. With efficacious coding for proteins, genes have the propensity of recognizing the sequence of events which produce the traits of bodies, such as from blue eyes to blond hair, or even allergies. The passage of genes through generations helps passing on the traits as well. In case of alteration of the genes, traits are altered too, often leading to harmful results. Fascinatingly, segments of DNA tend to break and unite, thereby, scuffling the order of genes. As a result, for the reason that such changeovers possess mathematical prospects, there are various features of DNA which can be derived by knowing such prospects (Casey, 1992). Here, mathematics matches genetic sequences and such researches give way for many other aspects of genetic research as well. 2.3 Molecular Modeling Various algorithms have been deduced for molecular modeling

Student Support in Open and Distance Learning Essay

Student Support in Open and Distance Learning - Essay Example Quoting Nonyongo (2002), Tait (2003) said the UNISA was not successful due to low success in terms of completion and throughput rates, the correspondence nature of programmes in comparison with well-functioning distance education, and inadequate learner support which is exacerbated by the lack of a co-ordinated regional network of learning centers. From here, Tait (2003) emphasizes the dangers of developing distance education without learner support. In contrast to UNISA, Tait (2003) describes the Open University UK established in 1969 with modern distance education endowed with a range of teaching and learning media and forming an integrated student support system. The characteristics of the systems included a personal tutor for each student (one tutor for every 25 students), tutor feedback, computer-mediated tutorials, 260 study center networks, residential school experience at a minimum of one week, and career advice. Tait (2003) then explains the main reasons for having student support integrated in an ODL system. First, the students want support. Second, drop-out rate can be reduced; and third, the nature of learning is such that the use of the Web has expanded the potential for learning outside or independently of teaching materials provided. He then summarizes the rationale for student support as being cognitive, affective, and systemic altogether. In other words, learning is both supported and developed; it relates to emotions supporting learning and its success; and the students themselves help manage the rules supporting their persistence (Tait, 2000). In particular, Tait (2003) espouses Michael Moore's (1993) theory of transactional distance as a framework that may be used to understand student needs in a web-based learning environment. Accordingly, Moore believes that the space between the learner and the structure of teaching must be mediated by dialogue, giving the chance to the learner to participate actively in his learning. Tait (2003), however says, the theory needs to be challenged as all theories do by the application of new cases. As the article opened up, I get the feeling that Tait (2003) is plugging for the Open University of UK because he worked there as faculty. As the article progressed, however, he presented many points valid from experience, and he became more credible. Words like, "power of mere asynchronous text to create and sustain interpersonal engagement" is true to the experience of many in this cyber-age. This now highlights the truism that face-to-face interaction may also suffer from various "distance" like psychological, interpersonal, cultural, linguistic, environmental, and the like. Tait (2003) is well-versed with his topic on student support in web-based learning environments. Prior to this writing, he had already written scholarly publications on student support and distance learning from 1996 to 2000 to 2002. By the time he wrote this reflective item, Tait (2003) had already sharpened his arguments over much. In fact, although he was espousing Moore's (1993) theory of transactional distance, he was laying it down for examination and possible criticism. It appears that Tait (2003) is ready for new developments. I would rate the article a 4 because of his readiness

Relationship in Cousin Kate Essay Example for Free

Relationship in Cousin Kate Essay The crisp summer air filled the local park, the sun burning down, everyone wanted some fresh air-the park was packed. A young couple lounging on the fresh grass having a barbecue, the juicy aroma of sausages floated through the park, making everyone hungry. Across from the couple parked precariously on an old patch of grass was an ancient ice-cream van. The old, decrepit van had been in the family for years, paint peeling, bodywork rusting, the ice-cream van was fit for the dump, but as if transfixed, everyone in the local park was swarming to the van, tired parents, bored teenagers-everyone needed some refreshment. The ice-cream van driver a sweaty OAP, looking worn and fed up, his eyes scanning the crowd,hoping for some refuge from the swarm of impatient customer. Beads of sweat dripping from his forehead, handing out melting ice-creams laden with sprinkles, the summer heat was all too much. Close to the van was a young mother, struggling to control her two troublesome toddlers fighting with their younger sibling,sitting in a rather worn looking pram. Her oldest child, seemingly unaware, was clicking away on her phone. Baby crying, mother screaming, she was quickly attracting the attention of passers-by. The young mother was trying to explain to her children she had no money for ice-cream. Tired and confused she attempted to calm down her noisy children, stopping to pick up her crying toddler who had just fallen over, whilst trying to make a run for it towards the trees;she narrowly missed being trampled by a passing runner and his personal trainer. The sweaty, runner, looked nervously around the park, his eyes longingly glancing towards the ice-cream van, licking his lips, wishing he could gulp down an ice-cold can of coke. Rather large in comparison to his personal trainer- a young, fit female. He was finding it hard to keep up, begging her to slow down. Tiredly trying to tug-down his sweat-drenched West Ham t-shirt he came to a stop, collapsing right in the middle of the worn patch of grass, a group of boisterous boys were playing a rowdy game of football. Out of the usual gang playing football, one boy was already perched on a nearby bench being comforted by his concerned mother, clumsily dabbing anaemic looking antiseptic onto his rather badly grazed knee. Other players were taking a break, sitting on patches of grass licking rapidly melting ice-creams, whilst watching the carnage occuring on the pathetic looking pitch. One over-excited boy lobs the battered ball towards a passing couple, hand in hand the old couple quicken their pace, retreating from the brutal match. The old couple carry on along the path, leaning on their walking sticks for support. The old lady’s dress softly flaps in the wind, exposing her swollen feet clad in thick socks with sandals. Their aged faces crinkling into smiles as they watch the sunset. Their eyes wide through their magnifying-glass shaped spectacles. The local park is gradually cloaked in datrkness, the park slowly clears, until all you can hear is the gentle laughter ringing from the late night barbecues and midnight strollers. Wandering through the park, engulfed by my thick coat, I stare around me with disgust. The once green and beautiful park is now grey and boring; damaged by youths. However, the park is the place where I can just come and think: its quiet and peaceful and I feel free; away from the bustle and noise of the city. There is a chill breeze in the air, therefore most people are inside their warm houses, clustering round their coal fires, but this is when I like it best. To me, wrapped up in layers and scarves, it only feels fresh, not cold and I can think better when Im alone. I stare at the climbing frame, once bright and colourful with a shiny slide, but now the only colour is the dull rusty red of the metal and the black of the graffiti covering it. My eyes glaze over while I reminisce about happier times spent on the climbing frame, and how I used to fly through the air, aided by the monkey bars, just like a chimpanzee swinging through a tree. The trees in the park creak and groan as the wind picks up. Leaves rustle at my feet and my hair is whipped around my raw face by unseen hands. I disappear inside my warm jacket and spy the swings over in the corner. As I sit on the only swing not broken by vandals, one gloved hand entwined round the chain, and my feet scuffing at the tarmac, I gently propel myself forward and back in gentle rhythm. I am lost in my own world. Absent-mindedly my free hand delves deep into the mystery of my pocket and finds a single, solitary chocolate truffle. I unwrap the truffle slowly, so as not to damage the shiny wrapper. It has a wonderfully rich smell that only chocolate has and the creamy centre of the truffle warms my frozen insides as it makes its journey to my stomach. The roundabout is twirling through the wind in the distance, but I cant see it. I am entranced. I cant tear my eyes away from the wrapper fluttering in my hands. Its iridescent quality is making me feel tranquil and serene. My eyes swim in and out of focus as my vision is replaced by one from a long time ago. Parts of Goole have been flooded following heavy rain. Firefighters were called to the East Riding Council offices in Church Street after the building was struck by lightning. Emergency services said flooding was localised and advised people to check the Environment Agency website for the latest flood warnings. At present the Met Office is forecasting Hull will escape the rain this evening (Thursday). However, heavy rain is forecast for the city and county from mid-morning tomorrow (Friday). John Skidmore, head of streetscene services at East Riding of Yorkshire Council, said: We have been alerted by the Met Office of heavy rain which will arrive on the east coast at 7am and move across the entire region which could lead to potential flooding issues. We have suspended all grounds, highway and street sweeping operations tomorrow so we have staff available should we need to activate any emergency plans. We will have staff at locations across the East Riding letting us know how heavy the rainfall is and if there are any areas of localised flooding so we can deploy services where we need them quickly. The rain is predicted to arrive on the east coast at 7am and move out of the area early afternoon. Driving conditions in tomorrow morning’s rush hour could be potentially hazardous due to surface water. I would urge drivers to allow extra time for their journey and drive accordingly. South Yorkshire’s public organisations have been widely praised for keeping people safe after last summer’s unprecedented floods. Now a new report aims to ensure any future flood would be met with an even better response for the people of South Yorkshire. The â€Å"Final Report on the Flooding of Summer 2007† highlights how the investment in emergency planning over the last decade proved its worth in ensuring that the response was of a high standard. Tragically, two people lost their lives in the early stages of the flooding, but the number of casualties would have been much higher had the response of emergency services, and other partners, not been so well co-ordinated. The report has been produced by South Yorkshire’s Local Resilience Forum (LRF), a high-level partnership of the area’s emergency services, local authorities, health authorities and other key partner agencies. The 13-page report praises the â€Å"prompt action by responding organisations† to keep people safe, and notes that effective recovery planning meant there has been â€Å"no large dislocation of communities to areas outside of the county as has happened elsewhere. The report also looks at areas of the response which provide lessons to be learned in the event of any future flood. The ‘Gold’ command which led the partnership’s response â€Å"proved effective in managing rapidly unfolding events such as the potential collapse of the dam at Ulley Reservoir,† but several improvements to the way that command structure operated have been identified. Steps are also being taken to improve the flood warning systems to provide a quicker indication that flooding might be on its way. Action is already under way to address 26 key recommendations, some of which provide an overlap with the recommendations of the national interim Pitt Report, which was published on 17th December 2007. The Environment Agency is already planning to install additional flood warning equipment to the north and west of Sheffield. A new, specially-designed ‘Gold’ command location is also being developed in the county. This means that in any future flooding – or similar major emergency South Yorkshire’s response will be informed not only by training exercises, but by improvements developed from real-life events. Chief Constable Meredydd Hughes, chair of the South Yorkshire LRF, said: â€Å"The flooding of summer 2007 led to a tremendous response by everyone involved, which demonstrated the value of all the planning and training that has taken place for many years. â€Å"However, no amount of foresight could have fully prepared us for such an unprecedented situation. It is right that we now reflect on the things we would do better in any future flooding events, as well as the excellent work which took place last summer. †

History Of The Cinema Evolution Film Studies Essay

History Of The Cinema Evolution Film Studies Essay The Frenchman Louis Lumiere is always credited and he actually is known as the inventor of the motion picture camera in 1895. Other inventors preceded him, and Lumieres achievement should always be considered in the context of this creative period. Lumieres portable, suitcase-sized cinematography served as a camera, film processing unit, and projector all in one. He could shoot footage in the morning, process it in the afternoon, and then project it to an audience that evening. His first film was the arrival of the express train at Ciotat. Other subjects included workers leaving the factory gates, a child being fed by his parents, people enjoying a picnic along a river. The ease of use and portability of his device soon made it the rage in France. Cinematographes soon were in the hands of Lumiere followers all over the world, and the motion picture era began. The American Thomas Alva Edison was a competitor of Lumieres, and his invention predated Lumieres. But Edisons motion picture camera was bulky and not portable. The promoter in Lumiere made the difference in this competition. (Yahnke, 1996) For the first twenty years of motion picture history most silent films were shortonly a few minutes in length. At first a novelty, and then increasingly an art form and literary form, silent films reached greater complexity and length in the early 1910s. The films on the list above represent the greatest achievements of the silent era, which endedafter years of experimentationin 1929 when a means of recording sound that would be synchronous with the recorded image was discovered. Few silent films were made in the 1930s, with the exception of Charlie Chaplin, whose character of the Tramp perfected expressive physical moves in many short films in the 1910s and 1920s. When the silent era ended, Chaplin refused to go along with sound; instead, he maintained the melodramatic Tramp as his mainstay in City Lights (1931) and Modern Times (1936). The trademarks of Chaplins Tramp were his ill-fitting suit, floppy over-sized shoes and a bowler hat, and his ever-present cane. A memorable image i s Chaplins Tramp shuffling off, penguin-like, into the sunset and spinning his cane whimsically as he exits. He represented the little guy, the underdog, someone who used wit and whimsy to defeat his adversaries. Eisensteins contribution to the development of cinema rested primarily in his theory of editing, or montage, which focused on the collision of opposites in order to create a new entity. One of the greatest achievements in editing is the Odessa Steps sequence, in his film Potemkin (1925). Eisenstein intercut between shots of townspeople trapped on the steps by Czarist troops, and shots of the troops firing down upon the crowd. Members of the crowd became individual characters to viewers as the montage continued. Within the editing track the fate of these individuals was played out. A mother picks up her dead child and confronts the troops. Then she is shot. A student looks on in terror and then fleeshis fate uncertain. An old woman prays to be spared, but she is killed by a soldier who slashes her face with his saber. When a woman holding her baby carriage is killed, she falls to the steps, and the carriage begins a precipitous declineshots of the baby crying are intercut with wide sh ots of the carriage rolling down the steps. To Eisenstein, each individual shot contributed energy within the editing track that yielded far more than the sum total of shots. In other words, the combination of shots through editing created a new entity, based on the expressive emotional energy unleashed through the editing process. Although the technology for making movies was invented in 1895, a significant realization of the potential for film as art occurs with the appearance of D. W. Griffiths 1915 full-length epic, Birth of a Nation. In this film Griffith utilized crosscutting (parallel editing) effectively, particularly at the climax, when a number of editing tracks play off one another. He also portrayed battle scenes magnificently, with action in one set of shots moving from left to right, while action in another set of shots moves from right to left. But Griffiths work is diminished severely by the overt racism employed in characterizations and plotting. Then comes German Expressionism, and it was from 1919 to 1925. German got an innovative art, newly urban subject matter and refinement of technique. At that time Germany was politically, socially, economically crippled. But they influenced and thus the German directors deserve credit for their experimentation with unusual camera angles and complex stage settings. Two examples of this approach is The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1919) by Robert Wiene. The latter is also credited with perfecting the use of visual language in The Last Laugh (1924), a film about a lonely old man who is ridiculed by others. Few titles are used in the film because Murnau is able to communicate meaning by virtue of well-placed visual cues. They also got and directed mythological film like Metropolis which was spectacular. Then they brought vampire kind of films which were again something new to cinema. After that chamber play film came which was not much of expressionistic. During that time the Last laugh was t he finest German silent film. The 1920s was a miraculous golden age for Soviet cinema, both for features and documentary. The films were meticulously curated and handsomely presented collection convey the incredible excitement filmmakers felt at the opportunity to participate in the construction of the worlds first socialist state. Freed from the need to make money that drove the Hollywood industry, they could focus on educating the new Soviet population. All the films were originally released between 1924 and 1930. Each has a nifty new musical score, using both previously composed and original material. Robert Israel compiled four of them; his score to the early morning Moscow street scenes in The House on the Trubnaya makes ingenious use of Sergei Prokofievs piano cycle, Fugitive Visions, to set the mood. Lev Kuleshov not only made films, but also wrote extensively on film theory. His imaginative parody upends negative Western preconceptions about Russians and Bolsheviks, even as it consciously imitates the sty le of the American action films he so admired. With an all-star cast that includes the manic, leering Aleksandra Khokhlova and cameo appearances by two directors (Boris Barnet and Vsevolod Pudovkin) reaches its Buster-Keaton-like climax in a memorable chase sequence. In 1926, Kuleshovs style had dramatically changed, becoming less artificial and more moody and psychological under the influence of German expressionism. The coming of sound fueled a number of genre developments in Hollywood cinema. One obvious example is the film musical. Less obvious is how the horror genre also dramatized and explored potentials that synchronized sound brought to Hollywood films. Hollywood cinema was suggested by the exhibitors weekly Harrisons Reports when it explained the success of The Jazz Singer: It was the talk that Al Jolson made here and there and his singing of his Mammy song, chiefly the singing of Mammy. It was so successfully done that people were thrilled. The sight of Mr. Jolson singing to his mother, sitting in the orchestra, stirred the spectators emotions as they were stirred by few pictures; it brought tears to the eyes of many spectators. Warner Bros is best known for its innovations in sound technology. In 1925 Warner partnered with Western Electric to develop a sound system. This involved a massive investment as the company had to reconvert all its theatres. Two years later, with much fanfare, the studio released The Jazz Singer. It was herald as the first talking picture and was a huge international success, eventually grossing 3 million dollars. The sound was recorded on discs that each had a total playing time equal to one reel of film. Because this form of synchronized sound was rather unreliable, it was soon replaced by sound recorded directly onto film.

Different Types of Organized Crime in Canada Essay -- Criminal Justic

Different Types of   Organized Crime in Canada   Organized crime in Canada has many faces. The people who engage in organized crime are as varied as the types of organized crimes they engage in. There are essentially four categories of organized crime in Canada. These four categories are: (A) Aboriginal organized crime groups, (B) Outlaw motorcycle gangs, (C) Traditional Italian Mafia crime groups, ethnic groups such as Asian Triads and Vietnamese gangs, (D) Colombian cartels and emerging crime groups from Russia and Nigeria (Beare 1996: 75). Any of these groups could potentially be linked to such illegal activity as: the trafficking of narcotics, extortion, loan-sharking, various types of frauds, smuggling of cigarettes, alcohol, weapons and people (illegal aliens), pornography, prostitution, murder, and gambling. It is true that any of the groups mentioned in the above categories could be involved in any of the crimes just mentioned. However each category tends to have certain crimes that it commits with regularity, crimes th at, that particular group may specialize in.As well these groups tend to have certain crimes that they do not touch. Perhaps they stay away from a particular crime because it is the speciality of a stronger group. A look into which groups do which crimes will be helpful.   Aboriginal organized crime groups tend to deal with crimes that many people do not consider a big problem. These groups tend to focus on the smuggling of cigarettes and alcohol. Aboriginal groups also tend to take part in the founding of illegal gambling facilities. Although these offences in and of themselves may appear to be rather innocent; the large amount of money involved in these enterprises soon changes the nature of the game... ...ent of all the cocaine consumed in Canada and the United States (Beare 1996: 86). The Colombian cartels control the bulk of the cocaine market through out most of the western world. Enforcement officials are only just begging to understand the extent and the sophistication of the Colombian cartels' criminal activities here in Canada. The links that the Colombians are making with other criminal groups could prove to be very dangerous.   This has been a brief overview of the different categories of organized crime one can find in Canada. The only good to be said about all of this is that at least there are many different groups. True it makes the groups harder to track down. But if one group controlled it all they would be impossible to stop. Reference: Beare Margaret 1996 Criminal Conspiracies Organized Crime in Canada. Nelson Canada, Scarborough, Ont.

Essay --

Sangbum Park POLI 120A Prof. Victor Magagna Feb, 14, 2014 Causes of changing demand in Europe There are many causes of changing demand in Europe focusing on the incremental change demanded and how rulers responded. The early modern Western Europe has been developed by institutional variations in state. Basically in the book â€Å"Birth of the Leviathan† by Thomas Ertman, he does not believe on the traditional view of the state. He views states in two dimensions which are the regime types and the state apparatus. The two political regimes are the absolute monarchy and the constitutional monarchy. The two state apparatus was either patrimonial or bureaucratic. Briefly before the absolutism was established and built, the feudalism was the political system in the Europe. It was basically the few rulers ruled everything and only those few rulers had power to control anything. The feudal system started to decline when the power of the monarchs in France started to rise. Also the people from burgess class, which was the majority of the people in the feudalism, emerged along the rise of towns. One other reason was the increase of communication between the burgess classes. The decline and destroy of feudalism led the patrimonial absolutism to rise in the Europe during the early middle ages in Europe. During the early middle ages in Latin Europe, the centralized states of those countries were declining. This declination of the centralized states brought the new dynamism to the economies and the religions especially the Church which led the growing of economy. The absolute monarchy started to rise back in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In Western and Eastern Europe, many monarchs such as kings or emperors tried to increase their ... ...ich basically combined England, Scotland, and Ireland into the Great Britain. The glorious revolution was the final incident which stopped the struggles and conflicts of power between the monarchs and the parliament. William and Mary agreed to sign the Bill of Rights offered by the parliament. This Bill of Rights was basically the monarchs, William and Mary will not be able to make their own decision without the permission of the parliament. This is basically how the absolutism is changed to a constitutionalism in England after this incident. The Glorious Revolution brought the power balance between the monarchs and the parliament favors more to parliament as time passed. As the parliament had more powers later, the government became more like democracy because it was the elected people who were making the decisions not the one ruler who were deciding everything.

Impact of the Construction Industry to Its Nation

Abstract Construction sector and construction activities are considered to be one of the major sources of economic growth, development and economic activities. Construction and engineering services industry play an important role in the economic uplift and development of the country. It can be regarded as a mechanism of generating the employment and offering job opportunities to millions of unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled work force. It also plays key role in generating income in both formal and informal sector.It supplements the foreign exchange earnings derived from trade in construction material and engineering services. Unfortunately construction sector is one of the most neglected sectors in Kenya. Although the construction sector has only a 2. 3 percent share in GDP, its share of the employed labor force was disproportionately large at 6. 1 percent in FY07. The construction sector is estimated to have grown by 17. 2 percent in 2006-07 as against 5. 7 percent of last year.Th e higher demand for construction workers is also reflected in a continued double-digit rise in their wages since FY05. Their wages increased by 11. 1 percent in FY07. Keywords: Construction Sector, GDP, Causal Relationship, Co-integration. 1. Introduction The construction industry plays an essential role in the socio economic development of a country. The activities of the industry have great significance to the achievement of national socio-economic development goals of providing infrastructure, sanctuary and employment.It includes hospitals, schools, townships, offices, houses and other buildings; urban infrastructure (including water supply, sewerage, 280 drainage); highways, roads, ports, railways, airports; power systems; irrigation and agriculture systems; telecommunications etc. It deals with all economic activities directed to the creation, renovation, repair or extension of fixed assets in the form of buildings, land improvements of an engineering nature. Besides, the const ruction industry generates substantial employment and provides a growth impetus to other sectors through backward nd forward linkages. It is, essential therefore, that, this vital activity is nurtured for the healthy growth of the economy. The main purpose of this study is to see whether growth in construction industry actually caused the economic increase or, alternatively, did economic expansion strongly contribute to construction growth instead? 1. 1 Global Distribution of Construction Output and Employment: Globally, construction industry is regarded as one of the largest fragmented industry. An estimate of annual global construction output is probably closer to U.S $ 4. 5 trillion in 20041. The construction industry is also a prime source of employment generation offering job opportunities to millions of unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled work force. Global picture of construction output and employment in developing and developed countries can be seen in table -1 below. It can be seen from the table-1 that total construction output worldwide was estimated at just over $3,000 billion in 1998. Output is heavily concentrated (77 per cent) in the high income countries (Western Europe, North America, Japan and Australasia).The contribution of low and middle income countries was only 23 % of total world construction output (ILO Geneva2001). The data in employment situation table 2 tells a rather different story so far as employment is concerned. It can be seen that there was an excess of 111 million construction workers worldwide in 1998 and most of them were in the low- and middle-income countries. The distribution of construction employment is, in fact, almost the exact reverse of the distribution of output. The high-income countries produce 77 per cent of global construction output with 26 per cent of total employment.The rest of the world (comprising low- and middle-income countries) produces only 23 per cent of output but has 74 per cent of employment (IL O Geneva2001). ———————————————— 1 Source: Engineering News Record, USA 281 1. 2 Construction Industry in Kenya; The housing and construction sector in Kenya plays an important role in developing aggregate economy and reducing unemployment. It provides substantial employment opportunities as it contributes through a higher multiplier effect with a host of beneficial forward and backward linkage in the economy.The sector through linkages affects about 40 building material industries, support investment and growth climate and helps reduce poverty by generating income opportunities for poor household. It provides jobs to about 5. 5 per cent of the total employed labor force or to 2. 43 million persons, (2. 41 million male and 0. 2 million female) during 2003- 04 (Economic Survey 2004-05) Unfortunately the construction sector is one of the most neglected sectors in Kenya. It is at low ebb, which can be judged from the fact that per capita consumption of cement in Kenya is one of the lowest among the developing countries. 2.Literature Review: Construction in any country is a complex sector of the economy, which involves a broad range of stakeholders and has wide ranging linkages with other areas of activity such as manufacturing and the use of materials, energy, finance, labor and equipment. The contribution of construction industry in the aggregate economy of a country has been addressed by a number of researchers and valuable literature available on the linkage between construction sector and other sectors of the economy. Several researchers conclude that the construction sector has strong linkages with other sectors of the national economy.Hirschman (1958) first defined the concept of ‘linkage’ in his work The Strategy of Economic Development. He emphasized the significance of ‘unbalanced’ growth among supporting sectors of the economy as opposed to a balanced development of all interrelated economic activities (Lean, 2001). Park (1989) has confirmed that the construction industry generates one of the highest multiplier effects through its extensive backward and forward linkages with other sectors of the economy. It is stated that the importance of the construction industry stems from its strong linkages with other sectors of the economy (World Bank, 1984).However, interdependence between the construction sector and other economic sectors is not static (Bon, 1988; Bon, 1992). Strout (1958) provided a comparative inter-sectoral analysis of employment effects with an emphasis on the construction. Ball (1965) and Ball (1981) addressed the employment effects of the construction sector as a whole. Many studies (Fox, 1976; Bon and Pietroforte, 1993; Pietroforte and Bon, 1995) use the strong direct and total linkage indicator to explain the leading role of the construction sector in the national economy. . 1 Con struction Industry and National Economy: Construction activities and its output is an integral part of a country’s national economy and industrial development. The construction industry is often seen as a driver of economic growth especially in developing countries. The industry can mobilize and effectively utilize local human and material resources in the development and maintenance of housing and infrastructure to promote local employment and improve economic efficiency.Field and Ofori (1988) stated that the construction makes a noticeable contribution to the economic output of a country; it generates employment and incomes for the people and therefore the effects of changes in the construction industry on the economy occur at all levels and in virtually all aspects of life. This implies that construction has a strong linkage with many economic activities, and whatever happens to the industry will directly and indirectly influence other industries and ultimately, the wealth of a country.Hence, the construction industry is regarded as an essential and highly visible contributor to the process of growth (Field and Ofori, 1988). The significant role of the construction industry in the national economy has been highlighted by Turin (1969). On the basis of cross section of data from a large number of countries at various levels of development, Turin (1969) argued that there is a positive relationship between construction output and economic growth. Furthermore, as economies grow construction output grows at a faster rate, assuming a higher proportion of GDP.In a recent article Drewer returns to the ‘construction and development’ debate. Using data for 1990 similar to that assembled by Turin for 1970, he shows that global construction output has become increasingly concentrated in the developed market economies. He goes on to argue that this new evidence does not support Turin’s propositions. The issue of concern here is whether the cons truction sector and the aggregate economy are fragmented or mutually dependent, and whether construction activity contributes to economic growth and /or vice versa.Studies have shown that the interdependence between the construction sector and other economic sectors is not static but changes as the nation’s economy grows and develops 2. 2 Tools for Measuring Strength of Linkage: Two analytical tools, which most widely used for measuring the strength of the linkage, sector vise economic performance and production interdependence and to analyze economic relationships, are: (i) Leontief’s (1936) Input–output analysis and ii) The new econometric methodology developed by Engle and Granger Bon (1988) is one of the few researchers who applied the concept of Leontief input-output matrix to the construction industry. He considered the input–output technique to be ideal, for it provides a framework with which to study both direct and indirect resource utilization i n the construction sector and industrial interdependence. He also found that the input–output tool can be used for studies of the construction sector in three broad aspects: employment creation potential, role in the economy, and identification of major suppliers to the construction industry.Rameezdeen et al, (2006), also used input283 output table to analyze the significance of construction in a developing economy and its relationships with other sectors of the national economy. With the popularity of the new econometric methodology presented by Engle and Granger, many modeling studies related to economic and financial issues have applied this new technique to analyze economic relationships. Green (1997) applied the Granger causality test to determine the relationship between GDP and residential and non-residential investment, using quarterly national income and gross domestic product data for the period 1959–1992.His results showed that residential investment causes, but is not caused by GDP, while non-residential investment does not cause, but is caused by GDP. He concluded that housing leads and other types of investment lag the business cycle (Lean, 2001). Tse and Ganesan (1997) is also used the same econometric technique (Granger causality test) to determine the causal relationship between construction flows and GDP using quarterly Hong Kong data from 1983 to 1989. They found that the GDP leads the construction flow and not vice versa. 2. Research Objective: The objective of the present paper is to examine the specific lead lag relationships between construction flow and gross domestic product (GDP). For obtaining this goal we will use annual data for construction sector and economic GDP of Kenya from 1950 to 2005. Granger causality methodology is commonly applied to investigations on the relationships among money supply, stock prices and inflation, but very few researchers tested the linkages between the construction sector and the aggrega te economy using this method.Here we will use the same approach to identify whether there is a unidirectional or bidirectional causal relation between construction sector and economic growth in the case of Kenya. In addition, we will use unit root tests to examine the stationarity of both series (construction sector and GDP) and co integration test will use to find out the existence of long run relationship between these variables. It is a powerful concept, because it allows us to describe the existence of an equilibrium or stationary relationship among two or more time series, each of which is individually non- stationary. . Methodology: A simple statistical and econometric analysis will be used to know the general properties of data and to see the relationship among variables of interest like construction sector (LCNS) and aggregate economy of Kenya (LGDP). This study uses time series annual data (1950 to 2005) to demonstrate the causal relationship between construction sector and GDP in Kenya. A time series is a sequence of values or readings ordered by a time parameter, such as hourly and yearly readings.When time series data is used for analysis in econometrics, several statistical techniques and steps must be undertaken. First of all unit root test has been applied to each series individually in order to provide information about the data being stationary. Non-stationary data contains unit roots. The existences of unit roots make hypothesis test results unreliable. If the data are non-stationary, then frequently stationarity can be achieved by first differencing (Granger and Newbold, 1986) that is, obtaining the differences between the current value and that of the previous period.Once stationarity is determined, structural modeling of the variables or testing for causality can take place. The causality test aims to verify whether historical variations of the construction data follow or precede the GDP. To test for the 284 existence of unit roots and to determine the degree of differences in order to obtain the stationary series of LGDP and LCNS, Augmented Dickey- Fuller Test (ADF) has been applied. If the time series data of each variable is found to be non-stationary at level, then there may exists a long run relationship between these variables, LGDP and LCNS.Johansen’s (1988) co-integration test has been used in order to know the existence of long run relationship between these variables. A series is said to be integrated if it accumulates some past effects, such a series is non-stationary because its future path depends upon all such past influences, and is not tied to some mean to which it must eventually return. To transform a co-integrated series to achieve stationarity, we must differentiate it at least once. The number of times the data have to be differenced to become stationary is the order of integration.If a series is differenced d times to become stationary, it is said to be integrated of order I(d). However, a linear combination of series may have a lower order of integration than any one of them has individually. In this case, the variables are said to be co-integrated. The following section presents the results of the simple descriptive statistical analysis and then unit root analysis to study the stationarity of GDP and construction flow. Accordingly, we employ Granger causality methodology to investigate the lead lag relationships between the construction flow and the GDP. . 1 Data and Descriptive Statistical Analysis: The annual data for the period 1950 to 2005 is being used for empirical analysis. Construction industry flows (LCNS) and Gross Domestic Product (LGDP) data in local currency is employed to analyze the dynamic relationship between GDP and construction sector. All the variables are expressed in natural logarithms so that they may be considered elasticity of the relevant variables. We examine the contemporaneous correlation and check for the evidence of Granger causality between these two variables.Table-3 presents summery statistic of the data and table- 4 tell us that there is a strong correlation between construction sector and GDP of Kenya during 1950 to 2005. Annual observations of GDP and construction sector are taken from Handbook of Statistics of Kenya Economy, 2005 and various issues of Economic Survey of Kenya. Table 3 Descriptive statistics LCNS LGDP Mean 8. 605299 11. 98993 Median 8. 996238 11. 90110 Maximum 11. 87699 15. 62865 Minimum 4. 976734 9. 126524 Std. Dev. 2. 184803 2. 082374 Skewness -0. 140903 0. 195506 Kurtosis 1. 651252 1. 664931Jarque-Bera 4. 429918 4. 515697 Probability 0. 109158 0. 104575 Observations 56 Apparently as the government is geared to enhance rural development in its development agenda, the construction industry faces the daunting task to be part of the development philosophy. The construction industry has to ensure that it has the capacity to deliver development projects as per the needs of the government and in the time scale specified. Many a development projects are in the pipeline, most notable, road projects, schools, police and teachers’ houses, boreholes, among many others.The construction industry would add value to the country’s development agenda through successfully undertaking the said projects. Certainly, the construction industry loses credibility, trust and reputation in the eyes of the publics if projects it undertakes do not live to the expectations of the people. The government’s rural development project could further spur the growth of indigenous construction companies which will in the end trickle-down economic benefits to the country and the citizens.The mushrooming of indigenous construction firms with capacity to handle large scale jobs will save the country from losing forex as most projects will be handled locally, hence requiring no need for forex to pay international construction firm. This could certainly write a new chapter in the histo ry of the construction industry in the country. As the small construction firms will be developing they will certainly be competing for construction jobs in other countries within Africa and possibly beyond. This could make the construction industry a reliable partner in bringing into the country the required forex.The exposure of the construction industry abroad could as well play the ambassadorial role of marketing services that Malawi can offer in Africa and beyond. If one sector successfully storms the international market, other sectors stand an easy chance as they actually ride on the success of the pioneer service provider. References Anaman K. A and Amponsah. C, (2007). Analysis of the causality links between the growth of the construction industry and the growth of the macro economy in Ghana, Institute of Economic Affairs, Accra, Ghana Ball, C. M. 1965) Employment effects of construction expenditures, Monthly labour Review, 88, 154- 158. Ball, R. (1981) Employment created b y construction, expenditures, Monthly labour Review, 104, 38-44. Bon, R. (1988). Direct and indirect resource utilization by the construction sector: the case of the USA since World War II, Habitat International, 12(1), 49–74. Bon, R. (1992). The future of international construction: secular patterns of growth and decline. Habitat International, 16(3), 119–28 Census and Statistics Department of HKSAR (1985–2002) Hong Kong Monthly Digest of Statistics, Census and Statistics Department of HKSAR, Hong Kong.Bon, R. and Pietroforte, R. (1990) Historical comparison of construction sectors in the United States, Japan, Italy, and Finland using input-output tables, Construction Management and Economics, 8, 233- 247. Bon, R. and Pietroforte, R. (1993) New construction versus maintenance and repair construction technology in the USA since World War I. , Construction Management and Economics, 11, 151–62. Bon, R. , Birgonul, T. and Ozdogan, I. (1999) An input– output analysis of the Turkish construction sector, 1973– 1990: a note. Construction Management and Economics, 17, 543–51.Chen, J. J. (1998) The characteristics and current status of China’s construction industry, Construction Management and Economics, 16, 711-719. Dickey, D. A. and Fuller, W. A. (1979) Distributions of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 427- -31 Drewer, S (1997) Construction and development: Further reflections on the work of Duccio Turin. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Construction Industry Development, Singapore 9- 11 December. Engle, R. F. and Issler, V. 1993) Estimating Sectoral Cycles Using Co integration and Common Features, Working Paper No. 4529, National Bureau of Economic Research. Field, B. and Ofori, G. (1988) Construction and economic development – a case study. Third World Planning Review, 10(1), 41–50. Fox, L. P. (1976) Building construction as an engine of growth: an evaluation of the Columbian development plan. Ph. D. dissertation, The University of North Carolina. Granger, C. W. J. and Newbold, P. (1986) Forecasting Economic Time Series, Academic Press, Orlando, FL. Granger, C. W. J. and Newbold, P. (1974) Spurious regressions in econometrics.Journal of Econometrics, 2, 111–20. Green, R. K. (1997) Follow the leader: how changes in residential and non-residential investment predict changes in GDP. Real Estate Economics, 25(2), 253–70. Harris, R. (1995) Using Cointegration Analysis in Econometric Modeling, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Hassan. S. A. (2002) Construction Industry. (Kenya) published by Economic Review 2002. Hillebrandt, P. (1985) Analysis of the British Construction Industry, Macmillan, London. Hirschman, A. O. (1958) The Strategy of Economic Development, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.Hua. B. G. (1995). Residential construction demand forecasting us ing economic indicators: a comparative study of artificial neural networks and multiple regression School of Building and Estate Management, National University of Singapore ILO Geneva (2001), The construction industry in the twenty first century: Its image, employment prospects and skill requirements, International Labor Office Geneva Lean, S. C. (2001), Empirical tests to discern linkages between construction and other economic sectors in Singapore, Construction Management and Economics, 13, 253-262 290

Mazda Case, Advertisment And Promotion

1. Analyze the role of integrated marketing communications in the marketing of automobiles such as the Mazda Protà ©gà © and MAZDA6. How is each IMC element used to market automobiles? The role of integrated marketing communications in the marketing of automobiles such as the Mazda Protà ©gà © and MAZDA6 had a major impact of Mazda as a company. For each car (model), they made an exhaustive market research, they studied what were the best channels to deliver a message and what was the market looking for.Establishing market objectives that Mazda wanted was to increase their sales by repositioning the Protà ©gà © model and the brand as a whole, giving it a new younger look. Mazda targeted people around 20-30, who wanted something hip, fun and new but at the same time reliable and affordable. When they launch the Mazda6 the campaign targeted a different market because it was a new model. They wanted people that were different from the other car models that they had in the market, a person that was looking for luxury and comfort.The Integrated Marketing Communications plan for the protà ©gà © tried to position it as a car for the youth, playful and hip, something different for the market, the other brands were not considering the needs of young women. Mazda tried to market the Mazda6 as a refined, sporty car, for a more mature audience who were looking for luxury. The marketing mix was strategy, which promoted the car in all the channels the target market most likely visit.Evaluation of the campaign: after proving the campaign of the protà ©gà © they made some adjustments to the IMC plan, developing a stronger campaign and finding in the way the motto of the whole brand, Zoom-Zoom. 2. Evaluate Mazda’s decision to drop the â€Å"Get in. Be Moved’ tagline for the Protà ©gà © and adopt the ‘Zoom-Zoom† theme for its advertising. Mazda’s decision to drop the â€Å"Get In. Be Moved’ tagline for the Protegà © and adop t the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† theme for its advertising was a great idea. It made it easier to identify with the brand. Customers could not identify with the â€Å"Get In.Be Moved† when Mazda rolled out with the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† them. They could not use both ads because it was sending two different messages to their customers. When Mazda first came out with the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† ad it was just for one car model. We think it was a great idea that they made it unison across the line for all their car brands. Once someone here the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† they could identify with the brand. 3. Evaluate the strategy Mazda is using to advertise the new MAZDA6 sports sedan. Do you agree with the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6?MAZDA6 was thought as one of the most important launches in Mazda’s history. It competes the mid-size segment of automobile market where most cars sell for around $25,000. MAZDA6’s target custom er in this segment is a mid-30s car enthusiast, although not to the extreme, who lives an active lifestyle. The advertising strategy used by Mazda Company should focus on those target customers. From the positive side, the advertising strategy for the MAZDA6 is that it departed from the approach used for the Protà ©gà ©, as it involved what the company describes as a â€Å"more mature† effort.The strategy used by Mazda for the MAZDA6 utilized a heavily integrated communications program. Print advertising accounted for 12 percent of the overall budget with ads being run in â€Å"enthusiast† magazines as well as in lifestyle magazines and newspapers. However, from the negative side, the advertising strategy for the MAZDA6 is that the advertising failed to highlight the difference between MAZDA6 and the sedans under other brand such as Honda. Customers may have knowledge about the MAZDA6 are less mature than the Protà ©gà ©.From their advertising, it will let customer s feel unsure about both the Protà ©gà © and MAZDA6, if the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† line showed up in the campaigns. Also, the advertising has broadly printed. The advertising is not precise enough on MAZDA6’s target customers, if the advertising was used on ESPN. The target customer of ESPN may conflict with the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6. In all, the strategy Mazda is using to advertise the new MAZDA6 sports sedan was unable to fully satisfy with its mission. I do not agree with the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6.First of all, the new MAZDA6 is sports sedan. Both MAZDA6 and Protà ©gà © are highly similar to each other in performance. Meanwhile, compared with MAZDA6’s competitors, the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6 is almost the same to others. The MAZDA6 is difficult to be recognized by customers. Also, the MAZDA6’s target customers a re the mid-30s. This mid-30s generally consists of mature and playful. If the decision is about using a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6, its target customers  may be mid-40s instead of mid-30s.Therefore, I do not agree with the current decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6. 4. What recommendations would you make to Mazda regarding its integrated marketing communications strategy as the company moves forward? If I had to give some recommendations at Mazda’s people about the marketing communication strategy they need to follow, I could given to them the below suggestions: Mazda needs to be focused individual to everyone target group that they want to be addressed.Every car is not for everyone, so they need to use different ways to attract different group of people. Mazda need to separate the marketing plans, depending the average wage of the consumers, the age, the sex, the lifestyle, and the country that they want to sell a model or the season. Mazda needs to be part of the people’s life. The only way to achieve that is to try hard to promote its product as much they can with no stop for long time. Mazda’s people need to use the TV commercial and the ads to play in the screen hours that the consumers are home and can watch them.They need to use social media via Internet and â€Å"share† their products online. In our days the majority of the people, it doesn’t matter the age use the Internet and they affected from that. Also, they can use blogs online to express new ideas about their models or to ask about people opinion. Furthermore, Mazda can inform the old customers or people who haven’t tried yet the experience of this brand with newsletters at their homes, about news from the car market and specific for the Mazda Company.To continue with, Mazda can try to â€Å"invite† people who used in the past Mazda or new customers for seminars and talk to them about new models and new technology. Also, they can give them the chance for test drive in new cars with no any cost. The secret of the successful marketing communication strategy is the motivation and the trust that you can transfer to the consumers inside your promotion and your advertisement. That is not easy and takes time and need a lot of patient from Mazda to achieve this goal. Mazda Case, Advertisment And Promotion Analyze the role of integrated marketing communications in the marketing of automobiles such as the Mazda Protege and MAZDA6. How is each IMC element used to market automobiles? The role of integrated marketing communications in the marketing of automobiles such as the Mazda Protege and MAZDA6 had a major impact of Mazda as a company. For each car (model), they made an exhaustive market research, they studied what were the best channels to deliver a message and what was the market looking for.Establishing market objectives that Mazda wanted was to increase their sales by repositioning the Protege model and the brand as a whole, giving it a new younger look. Mazda targeted people around 20-30, who wanted something hip, fun and new but at the same time reliable and affordable. When they launch the Mazda6 the campaign targeted a different market because it was a new model. They wanted people that were different from the other car models that they had in the market, a person that was loo king for luxury and comfort.The Integrated Marketing Communications plan for the protege tried to position it as a car for the youth, playful and hip, something different for the market, the other brands were not considering the needs of young women. Mazda tried to market the Mazda6 as a refined, sporty car, for a more mature audience who were looking for luxury. The marketing mix was strategy, which promoted the car in all the channels the target market most likely visit.Evaluation of the campaign: after proving the campaign of the protege they made some adjustments to the IMC plan, developing a stronger campaign and finding in the way the motto of the whole brand, Zoom-Zoom. 2. Evaluate Mazda’s decision to drop the â€Å"Get in. Be Moved’ tagline for the Protege and adopt the ‘Zoom-Zoom† theme for its advertising. Mazda’s decision to drop the â€Å"Get In. Be Moved’ tagline for the Protege and adopt the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† theme for it s advertising was a great idea. It made it easier to identify with the brand.Customers could not identify with the â€Å"Get In.  Be Moved† when Mazda rolled out with the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† them. They could not use both ads because it was sending two different messages to their customers. When Mazda first came out with the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† ad it was just for one car model. We think it was a great idea that they made it unison across the line for all their car brands. Once someone here the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† they could identify with the brand. 3. Evaluate the strategy Mazda is using to advertise the new MAZDA6 sports sedan. Do you agree with the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6MAZDA6 was thought as one of the most important launches in Mazda’s history. It competes the mid-size segment of automobile market where most cars sell for around $25,000. MAZDA6’s target customer in this segment is a mid-30s car enth usiast, although not to the extreme, who lives an active lifestyle. The advertising strategy used by Mazda Company should focus on those target customers. From the positive side, the advertising strategy for the MAZDA6 is that it departed from the approach used for the Protege, as it involved what the company describes as a â€Å"more mature† effort.The strategy used by Mazda for the MAZDA6 utilized a heavily integrated communications program. Print advertising accounted for 12 percent of the overall budget with ads being run in â€Å"enthusiast† magazines as well as in lifestyle magazines and newspapers. However, from the negative side, the advertising strategy for the MAZDA6 is that the advertising failed to highlight the difference between MAZDA6 and the sedans under other brand such as Honda. Customers may have knowledge about the MAZDA6 are less mature than the Protege.From their advertising, it will let customers feel unsure about both the Protege and MAZDA6, if the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† line showed up in the campaigns. Also, the advertising has broadly printed. The advertising is not precise enough on MAZDA6’s target customers, if the advertising was used on ESPN. The target customer of ESPN may conflict with the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6. In all, the strategy Mazda is using to advertise the new MAZDA6 sports sedan was unable to fully satisfy with its mission. I do not agree with the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6.First of all, the new MAZDA6 is sports sedan. Both MAZDA6 and Protege are highly similar to each other in performance. Meanwhile, compared with MAZDA6’s competitors, the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6 is almost the same to others. The MAZDA6 is difficult to be recognized by customers. Also, the MAZDA6’s target customers are the mid-30s. This mid-30s generally consists of mature and pl ayful.If the decision is about using a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6, its target customers  may be mid-40s instead of mid-30s. Therefore, I do not agree with the current decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6. 4. What recommendations would you make to Mazda regarding its integrated marketing communications strategy as the company moves forward? If I had to give some recommendations at Mazda’s people about the marketing communication strategy they need to follow, I could given to them the below suggestions: Mazda needs to be focused individual to everyone target group that they want to be addressed.Every car is not for everyone, so they need to use different ways to attract different group of people. Mazda need to separate the marketing plans, depending the average wage of the consumers, the age, the sex, the lifestyle, and the country that they want to sell a model or the season. Mazda needs to be part of the peopleâ₠¬â„¢s life. The only way to achieve that is to try hard to promote its product as much they can with no stop for long time. Mazda’s people need to use the TV commercial and the ads to play in the screen hours that the consumers are home and can watch them.They need to use social media via Internet and â€Å"share† their products online. In our days the majority of the people, it doesn’t matter the age use the Internet and they affected from that. Also, they can use blogs online to express new ideas about their models or to ask about people opinion. Furthermore, Mazda can inform the old customers or people who haven’t tried yet the experience of this brand with newsletters at their homes, about news from the car market and specific for the Mazda Company.To continue with, Mazda can try to â€Å"invite† people who used in the past Mazda or new customers for seminars and talk to them about new models and new technology. Also, they can give them the cha nce for test drive in new cars with no any cost. The secret of the successful marketing communication strategy is the motivation and the trust that you can transfer to the consumers inside your promotion and your advertisement. That is not easy and takes time and need a lot of patient from Mazda to achieve this goal.