Comparitive Analysis of Hyundai and Santro Essay Example

Comparitive Analysis of Hyundai and Santro Essay RESEARCH REPORT ON THE TITLE â€Å"COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS OF HYUNDAI SANTRO† SUPERVISING PROFESSOR PROF. PIALI HALDER PREPARED BY HIMANSHU SINGHAL PGDBM 2006-08 2K62A17 Email Id:[emailprotected] co. in ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT 3- 4 INSTITUTIONAL AREA, JASOLA, NEW DELHI. Acknowledgement I take this opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude to our respected mam, Ms. Piali Halder, for the valuable guidance, keen interest and helpful criticism, during the project work. I would also like to extend our thanks to Mr. Anmol Juneja of Maruti Suzuki for providing all the necessary help and support. Mr. Arvind Saurabh, Hyundai Motors Ltd was also kind enough to provide us with valuable insights in the project. Mr. Bakshi of Tata Motors has also been a great help in understanding the mechanism of market research. Last but not the least I would like to thank our friends, teaching and non-teaching staff and others who have directly and indirectly helped in the successful completion of the project 2 Index †¢ Car Industry †¢ Sales Trend of Cars In India †¢ Hyundai – Company Profile †¢ Literature Review †¢ Santro Xing o Pricing Strategy o Place o Promotion †¢ STP – Hyundai †¢ Market Research †¢ Competitors †¢ Conclusion †¢ Bibliography †¢ Appendix 4 4 5 11-13 14-18 19 20 32 33- 39 40-42 43 44-45 3 Car Industry If there is one big market that is forcing the global auto majors to think small, it is India. Until yesterday, all the worlds auto-manufacturers expected to create success out of their mid- size products The Indian car industry as we know today is relatively recent in origins. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparitive Analysis of Hyundai and Santro specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Comparitive Analysis of Hyundai and Santro specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Comparitive Analysis of Hyundai and Santro specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Except the ambassador and the Premiere Padmini’s there was not much moving around with an Indian Tag. As a result of the liberalization the capacity of car production has increased substantially in the last four years and is expected to grow manifold in the coming years. The Indian car industry can be classified based on the price of the car: Those automaker and auto marketers having their business in India have to understand the mindset of Indian customers buying cars. â€Å"Automakers are to think globally and act locally† Indian customers can buy imported cars but obviously they have to drive on Indian roads. The factors that have plummeted the sales of car industry in India are the increase in disposable income of the people. The other major driver of growth is the easy availability of auto finance. The increase in competition in this industry has resulted in decline in equated monthly installments (EMI), the increased tenure, decline in interest rates in retail finance in general and auto finance area. 4 The automobile policy of the Indian Government has also proved to be a major factor in the growth of sales. With steep decrease in excise duty India is on the path to be hub for small cars. Sales trend of cars in India 900 000 800 000 700 000 600 000 500 000 400 000 300 000 200 000 100 000 99 00 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 -2 0 2 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 -2 05 0 8 -1 -2 -2 -2 1 9 0 2 -2 3 2 0 0 9 9 0 0 9 9 0 0 1 1 2 2 There has been a constant rise in the sale of cars. The Indian car industry is on the way up with the sales reaching 8,20,000 units approx compared to 7,00,000 last year. 2 0 0 6 4 Company pro file Hyundai Motors India Limited â€Å"I believe that the primary reason for HMILs success is that we never allowed ourselves to be complacent. We were continuously innovating at the marketplace, taking ourselves head on the competition. YS Kim, former Managing Director, Hyundai Motors India Limited Hyundai Motor India Limited (HMIL) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hyundai Motor Company, South Korea and is the second largest and the fastest growing car manufacturer in India. HMIL presently markets 35 variants of passenger cars in six segments namely- the Santro in the B segment, Getz in the B+ segment, the Accent and Verna in the C segment, the Elantra in the D segment, the Sonata Embera in the E segment and the Tucson in the SUV segment. HMIL’s fully integrated state-of-the-art manufacturing plant near Chennai boasts some of the most advanced production, quality and testing capabilities in thek country. HMIL was declared â€Å"The Star Company† amongst unlisted companies by Business Standard this year. Getz got the coveted â€Å"Car of the Year 2005† award twice over. It was declared a winner by both Business Standard Motoring and CNBC-TV18 Auto car Auto awards. 7 HMIL was also adjudged the â€Å"Manufacturer of the Year† two years in a row in 2002 and 2003. ICICI Overdrive Awards declared Hyundai as the â€Å"Car Maker of the Year† in 2003. Hyundai products with state of the art technology have also been winning many accolades over the years. Santro bagged top honors in JD Power Asia Pacific for three years. The Hyundai Santro was born to meet the typical Indian environment including road condition, extremely high temperature, tough weather, heavy traffic and difficult driving conditions. It is claimed that the Santro would require less preventive maintenance which means saving of cost, time and efforts to Indian customers. In order to complement the hi technology Santro, Hyundai has in place a rapidly expanding and well structured after sale network across the country. HMIL has also been awarded the benchmark ISO 14001 certification for its sustainable environment management practices. The production process is based on new and updated technology which ensures Total Quality Management. 8 Milestones on the road to success †¢ Hyundai Motor India completes a decade of success in the country †¢ Hyundai Motor takes giant step towards Corporate Social Responsibility †¢ Hyundai Motor launches Global No. Quality and Brand Image Campaign †¢ Dekhte Hi Dekhte Dus Lakh – Ten Lac cars sold †¢ Hyundai Motor makes Delhi road safer †¢ Tennis Ace Sania Mirza was presented her very own Hyundai Getz by Hyundai Motor India Senior Vice President, Sales, Mr V D Bhasin, at a ceremony in Hyderabad today. Getz will be the first car to be driven by Sania Mirza. †¢ Hyundai launched Sonata Embera Drive into a New Age †¢ Hyundai launched Tucson Your Spirit of Adventure †¢ Hyundai Motor India’s Dealer Conference in Istanbul 9 Hyundai Motor India launched the Accent Viva CRDi on Jan 15, 2004 at the Auto Expo 2004 organised in Pragati Maidan from Jan 15 20, 2004 †¢ Hyundai Motor India rolled out its 500,000th car from its factory near Chennai on 11th December 2003 †¢ HMI’s Santro Xing marks Europe debut at the Frankfurt Motor Show †¢ Hyundai Sonata Hole in One Challenge †¢ Swar Utsav -The Ultimate Music Festival of India †¢ Hyundai Sonata Maharaj Sir Pratap Singh Polo Cup 2003 †¢ Launch of the book The Automobiles of the Maharajas 10 LITERATURE REVIEW Santro Xing â€Å"A New Shining Dawn. Here Comes the Sun Again† Santro has proved to be the best compact car in India, thanks to its excellent design and extensive testing for over 100,000 kilometers in real Indian road and climate conditions Santro after being a run away success was renamed as Santro Zip Drive and then another replacement as Zip Plus. HIML then launched Santro XING with state of the art technology. Xing had new aerodynamic styling, power-assisted brakes, the advanced suspensions; the uniquely responsive technology is as much a magnificent creation to delight as a benchmark in engineering excellence. Santro is being produced exclusively in India and the Indian Xing will now drive the World. The Xing was Tall, wide and uniquely different. While its sleek lines and pleasing curves and contours pleased the customers. The compact outer 11 dimensions, combined with its sporty stance added some passion for driving. Santro Xing features the world class McPherson Strut Suspension with a stabilizer bar in the front and a torsion beam axle with 3-link offset coil springs and hydraulic dampers in the rear. This provides a smooth ride on the pot-holed Indian roads and the wider tyres ensure surefootedness even on slippery surfaces. The new Santro Xing had all new looking feel exterior and interior styling. That, coupled with new advanced features, offers the best comfort luxury in India’s favorite compact car. New bigger brighter clear headlamps, smiling radiator grille, power operated rear windows with child lock and lots of other smart features like the seat under tray are the hallmarks of your Sunshine Car. Variants of Santro Xing: Hyundai Motor India has launched three new variants of the Santro Xing with eRLX technology, new interiors and a cheaper price tag. The new Santro Xing variants – XK-Non AC, XK and XL – will have the latest 1. 1 liter engine with eRLX Active Intelligence technology, which gives class-leading low-end torque resulting in better pick-up, better fuel efficiency, lower maintenance and enhanced engine life, claims Hyundai Motor India Where the Xing scores over other cars is in the engine department. Its 1086 CC inline-four makes 62 bhp, enough to take the little car all the way up to 145 kph. The five-speed gearbox is notch-free. 12 The new Santro Xing had enhanced security and safety features which included Child-Safety Rear Door Locks, Seat Belts – Front and Rear. It also had new and better exteriors like clear lamps for both front and rear side, a new wheel cover was provided along with the car to enhance the look of the tyres. The car’s interiors had been changed keeping in mind the new image, they changed the steering wheel with more spokes on it and also molded roof lining, front and rear speaker grill, ash tray and room lamp. The instrument panel was also redesigned with electronic trip meter and a low fuel warning to make users aware of the fuel level. The seats were made keeping in mind the comfort of the passengers where the seats in the rear could be folded to accommodate luggage. 13 Pricing Strategies The strongest factor that was in favor of the newly introduced Xing was that it represented excellent value for money. Even though it had the latest technology and extra features it was priced below the price of its competitors. The strategy of the company in the initial few years was not to make profit but to gain market growth. The New Santro Xing was launched with a cheaper price as compared to its previous versions Santro Zip and Santro Zip Plus. The Xing was priced at 2. 79 lacs (Ex-showroom price New Delhi) for the base model. The car was priced keeping in mind the middle income group which is in majority in India. Hyundai Motors had tie ups with different financial institutions like ICICI car loans and HDFC Bank to provide easy loan facilities to the customers, to get cars on easy installments. The interest rates were kept low to encourage customers to buy the cars. The company offered discounts to reduce the burden on the customers. The tax paid to the government for the road and registration was done at a discounted rate with the company paying some amount of it. Even the insurance premium for the first year was paid by the company so that the customer did not bear the burden of the charges. The company offered extended warranty which the customers could avail by paying a nominal amount. These practices of Hyundai 14 Motors assured that the customers got the car at the prices mentioned without having to pay any extra charges on it. The increase in the prices of steel and some government taxes on the manufacture of small cars led to a hike in the price of the cars. The new price was 3. 5 lacs for the base model and moved up depending upon the higher model. The increase in the price did not affect the demand much as the overall price was increased by all the companies by some amount. To regain its lost ground, Hyundai launched a new scheme under which Santro Xing XE (S) variant would be available for Rs 3,00,001, only between November 8 and November 10 2004 on the occasion of Diwali. In August 20041, â€Å"Hyundai Motors India Limited (HMIL), an Indian subsidiary of the South Korea- based Hyundai Motors Company (HMC) was expected to reduce the price by as much as Rs 40,000. Industry experts were expecting a reduction in Santros price in response to the price war being waged by the market leader in India Maruti Udyog Limited (MUL), which had reduced the price of its largest selling car in the B segment Alto by Rs 58,000 in two price cuts starting from September 2003. This move had resulted in Alto replacing Santro as the largest selling car in the B segment in the period January to June 2004. 15 Prices of Different variants of Santro Model XK Non A/C XK A/C XL XO AT ExShowroom 270,222 327,848 349,432 373,883 418,332 Santro Registration Tax 7,974 9,127 9,559 10,048 21,303 Insurance 10,273 12,290 13,045 13,901 15,457 On Road Price 293,719 354,515 377,286 403,082 460,342 16 Promotion The company planned to leave no stone unturned to advertise the launch of Santro Xing. The company had supposedly earmarked Rs 15-20 crores as marketing budget for the launch phase alone. Various media channels were applied for the same like broadcast media, print media, banners, hoardings and holding of events. Thus, Hyundai has promoted its products through the entire possible medium. The association of Shahrukh Khan as the brand ambassador of Santro made it a huge success. The experts believed that the humorous endorsements of King Khan coupled with the new technology have catapulted Hyundai as one of the most visible, talked about and debated brands in the country. The personality of Khan as a fun-filled and mischievous person was an instant hit with the masses The 17 presence of Khan proudly peddling the Hyundai brand and car as the â€Å"Sunshine† thing has always added a lot of zing to the brand equity of Hyundai. The promotion of Santro Xing started with the teaser ads showing Shahrukh Khan handing over the keys of Santro to Mr. Kim of Hyundai. Khan is left stranded on the street alone just when Mr. Kim returns with the all new Santro Xing and hands over the keys to him. In another advertisement, Shahrukh Khan is seen asking his family members about their choice of colour of the Santro. A little girl gives away her piggy bank saving for a ‘maroon car’. Where the whole family wants the black car, Khan gets a maroon car for the little girl and the baseline is â€Å"hoga har sapna sakaar† Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning (STP) of Hyundai HMIL has divided its customers on the basis of age and income group. They distinguish between car buyers who are primarily seeking a luxurious driving experience, and those seeking driving thrills and performance. HIML recognized the needs of the middle income groups and their likes and dislikes about the car. Xing attracts the customers through â€Å"Niche marketing segment†. In this the customers are first divided into segments and then sub-segments. A basic model of the car which is XL Non AC caters to the customers who are brand conscious but do not care much about the comfort a car provides. 8 The other models are also according to the taste of the customers, their importance to luxurious driving etc. Once HIML decided the different segments, it then focuses upon the target customers and brought about price variants on models. The target customers were then offered discounts, scratch cards and other promotional schemes. The positioning was done in the market seeing the cu stomers and HIML’s positioning is well placed that can easily be derived from the fact that 33% of the total market is captured by Hyundai. 19 Market Research Problems, decision alternatives and objectives: The problems identified are †¢ the stiff competition Hyundai faces from its competitors †¢ to increase the customer satisfaction Research Plan: Data Sources: †¢ Primary: Company Survey, Questionnaire †¢ Secondary: Internet, Magazine*, Newspapers and Journals* (* Details given in bibliography) Sample unit: We targeted those people who had small cars and were looking to buy a new one Sample Size: We Surveyed 50 people. Sample Procedure: Probability: We used the random method to conduct our survey. 20 Information: We have collected their response and gathered them together. Every person’s opinion has been counted in our survey Analyze Information: Based on the information collected we have analyzed the facts 32 % people said that Hyundai is the first name that comes to their mind when they talk about cars as compared to 52% said Maruti. Brand Others Maruti Hyundai Tata Frequency 6 52 32 10 21 Customer care and better service is what attracts the customers to the showroom. 21% people said that the customer care provided by the Hyundai was the best. Responsible Employees 13% No Idea 6% No difference 15% Customer Care 21% Genuine Spares 1% Valid 1% Better Service 20% Valid Better Service Customer Care Genuine Spares More Trusted No difference No Idea Responsible Employees More Trusted 23% (Factors that matters to Hyundai customers) 22 39% of the customers said that the car should be luxurious to drive and the other major driving force was the size, meaning small attractive model. Comfortable 2% Easy Maintainance 14% Cost effective 16% Luxurious 39% Luxurious Small attractive Cost effective Easy Maintainance Comfortable Small attractive 29% (Factors that decide the purchasing of car) 23 Advertisement on TV was the main source of information while the other print edia has been catching up fast. Word of mouth 23% TV 26% Websites 5% New spapers 22% TV Websites New spapers Magazines Word of mouth Magazines 24% (The Information Media) 24 Findings: 1. In the ranking for main purpose of the car the factor that scored the highest importance were: 1. Necessity 2. Convenience 3. Comfort 2. 16. 9% biased towards Hyundai due to its driving convenience and AC. Hyundai was being perceived only by 11% customers who were in the age group of 31-40 3. 48. 5% consumers of cars (even other brands) found the pricing of Hyundai cars to be satisfactory and reasonably priced. On an average, we could conclude that the customers were satisfied with the pricing structure of Hyundai cars. 4. Hyundai’s outlet (HMP) is believed to be trustworthy for the service being provided compared to other dealers. This was the opinion of 23% consumers. 21% perceived that customer care would be much better own outlets rather than the dealers 5. About 27. 2% of the consumers preferred to buy Hyundai in future followed by 17. 6% of them preferred to buy Maruti brands and 13% were will to buy other cars 25 6. Auto magazines are the primary media sources. Majority of the people refer to them to gather information about cars. 6 Competitors and their Strategies The Hyundai faces tough competition from the following brands: †¢ Maruti Suzuki, Wagon R †¢ Tata Motors, Indica †¢ Fiat, Palio 27 Comparative Table of the competitors (Cost) Xeta GLG Cost Price factors Ex-showroom price Insurance Registration Num plate/Other charges Under body treatment Paint protecti on Sub Total 320800 11842 9220 0 2530 2900 347292 Cost Seasonal discount Extra Central locking w/remote OEM MP3 Player Car Cover NO NO 0 4200 YES NO WagonR Lxi Cost 356548 13105 10216 750 2530 2900 386049 Cost -35000 NO 1400 Santro Xing XL Cost 348191 12661 0 400 2530 2900 366682 Cost 0 Freebies NO, dealer 0 gift NO 9000 NO, dealer 0 gift NO, dealer 0 gift NO NO 2500 0 28 NO 9000 NO 400 NO 400 Seat Cover Exchange bonus NO YES 2500 0 NO, dealer 0 gift YES -3500 Corp Discount NO Full set mats YES Mud flaps YES Addi. Cost/Discounts Net on road 0 0 0 6700 YES YES YES -2000 0 0 -23700 NO YES YES 0 0 0 5900 Xeta Cost GLG Ex Cost + Reg 347292 + Ins + etc. Min. Added Benefits/Costs 6700 (see above) Net on road 353992 WagonR Cost Lxi 386049 -23700 362349 Santro Xing Cost XL 366682 5900 372582 29 Strategies of the Competitors) Promotio n Tata Indica More car per Car† â€Å"More dreams per car† â€Å"Forget small cars, we even make big cars feel small† â€Å"50cc moped, 100cc bike 800cc car. Time you asked for more. † Price Indica offers a vast range of price for its customers. The petrol version ranging from Rs. 252,458 to Rs. 4,11,792 for the top model of the diesel version. Tie ups with different banks and financial institutions to provide hassle free loans at lowest possible interest. â€Å"the peoples car† Fiat introduced a new â€Å"tall boy design† range of Palio with Sachin’s signature on top. Price ange Price Range: Palio between Rs. Diesel EL Rs. 4,19,500. 325612 for the base model of – Rs. 6,99,000 WagonR to 408937 for the fully loaded top model Interest rates as low as 9%4 and financing up to 90% of on road prices. Tie up with State bank of India to provide loan facility Maruti WagonR â€Å"Made in India†. Fiat Palio Sachin Tendulkar, the major architect of sales. 30 Place Has a well maintained and integrated dealer network and retailers to reach the remote areas. Huge dealer network and has the biggest and after sales service. Its service station expands to the length and breadth of country Limited dealers and service stations installed along with the showrooms 31 Market Share of Hyundai and Competitors Tata 10% Others 9% Hyundai Xing 32% Hyundai Xing Maruti Tata Others Maruti 49% Hyundai Xing has a 32% market share with only Maruti as a competitor 32 Maruti Udyog Limited WagonR Customer Service After-sales service for cars is as critical as showroom deals. Maruti services its 2million customers through an army of 174 dealers spread across the length and breadth of the country. It will be impossible for a company to duplicate such infrastructure, particularly with investments in a metro-based showroom going up to Rs 4 crores. The problem of price war is evident with Auto majors as much as with dealers. In a bid to woo the customers, Maruti dealers, particularly in non-prime locations, are cutting their margins. 33 Doing so will benefit all the three constituents in the marketing chain: the OEM, the dealer, and the buyer. The carmaker can expand his reach without expensive investment; the dealer can increase his revenue; and the customer gets a variety of models under one roof. The advertisement of Maruti emphasized the availability of service centers across the country with service centers even in remote areas of Ladakh. 34 Fiat – Palio Promotion Strategy Fiat has a fantastic image internationally. The heritage is more than a 100 years old and has a big history and a big brand. Fiat believes that Sachin will help convey this image of Fiat to the people of India. Also, Sachins image of dynamism and excellence matches that of the Palio. He is passionate about cars and so FIAT is looking forward to working with Sachin Tendulkar to promote the Palio. The Company used Sachin’s status to great effect when it launched the New Signature series which were signed by Sachin Tendulkar himself and these were a huge success as the people took a great liking for it. Three beauties from Fiat, for the three beauties of India† is how Mr. Bianchi summed up the event. Fiat India, organized a special function at their Kurla plant to felicitate the winners of the Fa Femina Miss India contest, 2002. On the occasion, Mr. M. P. Bianchi, Managing Director, Fiat India Pvt. Ltd presented the three beautiful lad ies, Neha Dhupia, Shruti Sharma, and Reshmi Ghosh, with Fiat Palio’s. Over 35 2000 members of the Fiat team gathered together on the lawns in front of the factory to witness the handing over ceremony. Pricing Strategy The Palio Diesel is offered in three versions The Palio Diesel EL, Palio Diesel ELX and the top of the line, fully loaded Palio Diesel ELX SP. The new range of diesel cars is competitively priced and continues Fiat’s tradition of offering its customers true value-for-money. The Palio Diesel EL was launched at the price of Rs. 4,19,500. The other variants were priced according to the different features. The diesel cars were launched at the following rates Palio Diesel ELX – Rs. 4,49,500, Palio Diesel ELX SP – Rs. 4,75,000, Adventure Diesel – Rs. 6,99,000 36 37 Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company (TELCO) Promotions The Indica advertising made interest for the car go into overdrive. The campaign revolved around the premise that the Indica would not just meet peoples expectations, it would exceed them. Every advertisement has a story to tell Pre launch Campaign The Indica campaign began in the right earnest in December 1998. It was advertised as the launch of a car that will spell doom for the small cars. It was directly aimed at Maruti 800. The ad line used in the first campaign was â€Å"Car makers will suddenly remember all the things they forgot to give you†. This hinted that Indica would have more features than any of the existing small cars. Indica used the catch lines like â€Å"More car per Car† â€Å"More dreams per car† to suggest that Indica will be bigger in size to the existing small cars yet be in the small car category. It competes with the mid size cars on size and give them a run for their money with its cheaper price tag. At the launch of the car TELCO claimed that the people would never have to suffer from a small car again and the end of the year (1998) would be the end of the small cars. Launch Campaign 38 The launch campaign of Indica focused on the many advantages that it offered over other cars in the same segment. It promised the customers more than the current offerings. Its first advertisement carried the following catch line â€Å"50cc moped, 100cc bike 800cc car. Time you asked for more. † It then concentrated its efforts on criticizing the negative aspects of Maruti 800 and highlighted how Indica has removed those very defects and presented a very sophisticated and modern car to the Indian customer. It even pointed out that the shape of Maruti was very unconventional and that people would prefer the shape of Indica to Maruti 800. The advertisement read â€Å"Box shaped, bubble shaped, wedge shaped. But then Gentlemen prefer curves† The launch campaign also focused on the roomy interiors of Indica, a feature not offered by Maruti at that point of time. Also the expertise of TATA in diesel engines and fuel efficiency of these were the highlight of the launch campaign of Tata Indica. Post Launch Campaigns 39 While the Launch campaign focused on the features of Indica the post launch advertisements focused on the superior after sales service and longer warranty periods offered by Indica. Telco was the first company to offer an 18-month warranty period on engine parts. The most famous line used during this campaign was â€Å"We could go on and on about service or give you the one word summary. TATA. † While their main adversary was the Maruti 800, Telco felt that it could also tap the mid size segment using the selling point of space given by Indica. They carried a campaign, which said â€Å"Forget small cars, we even make big cars feel small† It then went on to highlight the fact that Indica was Euro II compliant even before it was legally binding upon car manufacturers to do so. It also highlighted the concrete wall safety test that Indica withstands and tried to showcase the car as a safe and strong car. 40 Conclusion Since idea was to analyze the marketing stratergy of Hyundai Santro so by the intensive study carried out with car owners and marketers of different brand I come at specified conclusions on four P’s of marketing. People Talking about people targeted by Santro is a class who would look for â€Å"Value for Money†. It not only comprises of those middle class segment but also of some special class like me and others who are looking for buying their first ever car. Price Santro has been priced very specifically due to it being on straight competition with all time tough competitor Maruti, as it has a very unique mind set of economical vehicle. Giving Santro at this affordability with higher features marks its presence in this segment really well. Promotion What well it could be if one of the best endorsers in the industry comes himself showing that this what now one would dream of. Shahrukh Khan has a presence which would ask his fan following to trust the brand he trusts. Product If Santro still requires any introduction then we would say a car which has eaten up a huge share of running cars on the road especially of Maruiti’s 41 monopoly. Then this car has given all what customer would look for cars in this segment. General analysis The demand for the small car will continue to drive growth for the next five years. In the US, auto demand rises by 4 per cent for every 1 per cent increase in the real Gross Domestic Product but this is irrelevant for India as only the top 1. 50 per cent of the population can afford a car. The demand can shoot up if the income levels of the top 5 per cent continue to rise in future. It is stagnant at 1. 70 cars per 1,000 people for decades. However, in the postliberalization period, the motorization level has leaped to 3. 70 cars per 1,000. Although it is still lower than the levels in the developed markets, motorization is bound to rise further in the coming years. Falling imports and excise duties coupled with competition will continue to boost demand and the prices are likely to fall further at least in the short run. Over 60 per cent of customers opt for consumer finance. That figure could go up if interest rates continue to fall. Traffic congestion and bad roads could deter potential buyers from going for small cars particularly in small cities of India. The future is not very heartening in this aspect. 42 As manufacturers shift their attention to the small car, more and more people will be able to afford it and demand will only rise in the future period of time. There is a sharp contrast in the buying behavior of Indian Consumer compared to their western counter parts, yet there is no doubt that Indian car market is going to increasingly resemble the latter. In the West, the industry is likely to be dominated by three or four major players. The market will consolidate to a few segments. The carmaker has to make diverse models based on diverse and flexible platforms. For the price-sensitive customers, there can be a no-frills version; a loaded version for the middle customer and luxury car manufacturers can target the high-end customers. The fortunes of the automobile industry will continue to hinge on the large, price sensitive customers, who will graduate to the higher end of the market over a period of time. 43 Bibliography Marketing Management – Philip Kotler and Keller Marketing Research – Aaker Kumar Dey Websites: Hyundaimotorindia. com Santroxing. com Indianinfoline. com Hindubusinessline. com Autoindia. com Magazine: AutoIndia Business World Overdrive Auto Car 4 P’s of marketing Newspapers: The Economic Times The Financial Express 44 Appendix Questionnaire 1. Which car do you own? Santro Xing WagonR Tata Indica Fiat Palio 2. What is main purpose of having a car? Necessity Convenience Comfort 3. Are you satisfied with the driving convenience and other features of car? Yes/No 4. Do you think Hyundai cars are satisfactory and reasonably priced? Yes/No 5. Are you satisfied with after sales service of the car company? Yes/No 6. Would you buy Hyundai in future? Yes/No 7. How did you come to know about Xing? Auto Magazine_________________________________________ Newspapers________________________________

Federalists vs Antifederalists essays

Federalists vs Antifederalists essays To amend the Articles of Confederation, unanimous approval by all thirteen colonies was a necessity. Instead of reforming the preexisting document, it was decided that once approved by nine states, a newly written document would become the supreme law of the land. Framers of the constitution were voted on by the individual colonies to amend the existing law, the Articles of Confederation, but instead, created something entirely different altogether. They wrote the new document and gave it to the people, who were amazed and frightened at the new piece of legislation. Because of the introduction of such a radical change, conflict sprouted throughout the country over views of how government should be, and the rights that it should grant the people. People who were against a strong federal government were the antifederalists. They were in opposition of the federalists who supported the constitution and a strong central government. The antifederalists consisted mostly of the poorer classes, those who were poorly educated, backcountry dwellers, single-horse farmers, etc. Along with them were debtors who feared that a strong central government would force them to pay off their debts. Antifederalists suspected that the aristocrats were up to something sinister and trying to somehow trick them. Federalists were more respectable and cultured people. They mostly owned property and lived in settled areas, unlike the antifederalists. who lived in the backcountry. Many of them were former loyalists who had a conservative attitude. Antifederalists voiced strong objections about the constitution. It had been drawn up by the aristocrats, and therefore was believed to be undemocratic. They spoke out about the loss of sovereignty of the states, and how the freedoms of individuals were in jeopardy because of an absence of a bill of rights. They criticized that there would no longer be annual elections for congressional ...

Heroes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Heroes - Essay Example Nicholus (pp. 347-348) believes that the word Hero has been overused and actually abused in the American public. Klinkenborg (Para 1) also looks at the issue of heroism in America and also points to the fact that it has been used. He looks at the issue of the American soldiers who have greatly suffered in the war and wonders whether the cause for which they suffered was worthy. Nicholus (pp. 347-348) points to the fact that people have become so obsessed with the idea of heroism that they use it wherever and whenever they can. He also argues that this overuse and misuse of heroism is not good because it has caused an illusion in the understanding of heroism and what it should mean as well as the purpose it serves. He points out to the fact that heroism has been used to refer to people who have faithfully served in their duty such as those who faithfully served in the September 11 incidence. He points to the fact that victims have been referred to as heroes and thus losing the mea ning of the term hero because heroes are supposed to be role models, something a victim cannot be. Klinkenborg (Para 2) also seems to have the same sentiments about heroism. He addresses the issue of American soldiers who have served and suffered in the Middle East war and shows how they have really suffered while serving. However, his big question is whether the purpose for which they suffered was worthy and therefore if that makes them heroes. Nicholus engages his audience in this topic by using evidence-based argument. For instance, he refers to the etymology of the word hero and looks at what the word hero originally meant in the Greek language. He even gives examples of some Greek heroes and the deeds they did in order to acquire their status as heroes. Most importantly, Nicholas looks at the conditions which are necessary for a hero status to be assigned to an individual. He lists a number of four conditions which an individual should meet in order to be called a hero and thes e include ingenuity, courage, a noble purpose and finally, success. This final condition, he argues that it is crucial in determining whether a person is a hero or not since even in cases where the individual has the first three conditions, failing to succeed robs him or her the status of a hero. At the same time he argues that assigning hero status to those who have failed or in particular victims of heinous acts such as the September 11th attack makes heroism look bad and make heroes to be diminished in their purpose. Nicholus (pp. 347-348) also tried to distinguish a hero from an ordinary person doing their job. However, he seemed to have noticed that he was tackling a sensitive matter in regard to the status of the people who suffered in the September 11th attacks and first addresses this issue by clearing the fact the he acknowledges that these people need to not only be appreciated but also that they should be grieved accordingly. Klinkenborg (Para 1), also seems to have the s ame concerns about heroism in the American public. Like Nicholus, he also points to the September 11th attack and how it led to the American people going into a frenzy of heroism. Just like Nicholus also, he realises the sensitive nature of the topic and therefore treads carefully around the issue. In the second paragraph for instance, he says that no one should have the right to argue that

Attorney Obligation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Attorney Obligation - Essay Example The attorney is entitled to keep any information provided by client confidential. The attorney should ensure that they feel strongly about the client; that they portray enthusiasm about the case they are handling. The attorney is expected to wholly represent and be loyal to the client avoiding any conflict of interest in their role as the defense attorney. Goldman (2006) states that the prosecuting attorney who is usually appointed by the judicial district is charged with the responsibility of conducting legal obligations on behalf of people or the state. He or she is entitled to ethical obligations just like the defense attorney. These obligations include: To ensure the person the person being prosecuted is the individual who committed the crime; to ensure the constitutional rights of the individual being prosecuted are upheld at all times; and to ensure that all individuals are treated equally, irrespective of their power or

Portable water purification systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Portable water purification systems - Essay Example With a fast growing world population, demand for water has massively been on the rise. The need for not only safe but also clean water ideal for human consumption has been a great challenge to the developing world. This has been further compounded on by contamination of the scarce water resources in those areas by various contaminators such as animal waste, human disposal waste, landfills, leaching and other industrial wastes. In addition, these countries might not have adequate infrastructure to enhance clean water supply. This report therefore outlines a marketing plan for the supply of water in one of the developing countries in Africa that has faced the problem of purified water supply- Sudan. It will outline how the provision of reverse osmosis units and portable purifiers for households in the country who have been worst hit by the problem of obtaining safe water for domestic use. Marketing of products for the improvement of living standards is an essential component for the se nsitization of populations that may be helpless and even ill informed on the modern and simple methods of purifying and conserving water for domestic use. A good example of a similar project in the area that has been a success because of appropriate marketing is the provision of mosquito nets in the area to reduce spread of malaria. Portable Water Purifier, Its Features, and Benefits This plan has considered various factors before it identified the most appropriate water-purifying product for promotion in the proposed area. The major factors taken into account before arriving at the best product included type and amount of water contaminants in the area, cost of equipment purchase, operation and maintenance costs, usability and the space needed for operation or storage. Portable water purifiers are simple household gadgets made out of locally available materials to enable as many households or communities as possible to have access to clean water. The product is designed to enable f iltration and purification of water through layers of pebbles that can be replaced with clean sand and then the filtered water is taken through a purification chamber where chlorination takes place. All of these are in a ten litres container that makes it possible to obtain safe and pure drinking water from the highly sedimented and contaminated water from the rivers and boreholes in the region. The portable water purifier is therefore a simple and manageable product that is easily adoptable by the population because of its straightforward use and the relatively lower costs of purchase and maintenance. It has three main components in terms of the sections that make its purification, filtration and storage functions possible. First is the filtration segment or compartment that is at the top most section of the container. This has been placed next to the opening where the water to be purified is poured in through. It originally comes with clean pebbles for sedimentation of foreign par ticles mostly found in water harvested from rivers and other water sources in the region. The flow of water into the filtration chamber is regulated by a narrowly designed opening so that the filtration process is gradual and hence all particles are eliminated at this stage. The adjacent chamber is that of chlorination or purification through sterilization. There are granules in this chamber that aid in this method. To ensure that this is cost effective, the

Job Satisfaction Among Ghanaian Mental Health Nurses

Job Satisfaction Among Ghanaian Mental Health Nurses 1.1 Background Study The main objective of this research is to evaluate the attitudes of Ghanaian mental health nurses and the level of job satisfaction in the three government psychiatric hospitals in Ghana. It has been identified that most people who suffer from mental illness are always vulnerable and at high risk of suffering from stigmatisation and discrimination. Mental health professionals such as nurses are always in contact with patients and their attitudes towards these patients can play a major factor in their recovery. This aspect of study has been neglected especially in developing countries like Ghana. This study is to try as much as possible to find out how the nurses’ attitudes affect their patients and the role job satisfaction plays. Over the years mental health has changed in many faces including the establishment of mental institutions, which has also gone through several changes in different countries thereby drastically reducing the number of psychiatric admissions in general hospitals. However, it is important for one to know if these changes reflect the attitudes of people towards mental illness especially mental health nurses. The perception of mental illness plays a major role in the psychiatric medical profession which several disputes on what should be classified as pathological and which should be seen as normal. These disputes have several consequences on the diagnosis, research, and policies concerning psychiatry and may also have some form of bias on the selection of treatments and prognosis due to the widespread of unauthentic ascriptions of the causes of the illness (Wakefield, 2007). According to World Health Organisation (WHO), mental health is â€Å"a state of well-being in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community† (WHO 2001). There are several definitions by researchers on mental health, which is a fundamental aspect of well-being and quality of life and also a basic element of social structure, productivity, peace and stability in the environment (WHO, 2005). This definition by WHO stresses on the positive scopes of mental health and Shives (2008) also states that mental health is a positive state in which each and everybody is responsible, self-directive and displays self-awareness where ones behaviour is generally accepted within a group. However Bryne (2000) stated that multiple factors influence the level of mental health of person at any point in time and one of the major hindrances to the realisation of positive health and well being leads to stigma. Mental illness is a psychological response to stress that interferes with or inhibits a person’s ability to easily meet human needs and functions within a culture (NSW, Department of Health, 2007). Moreover, the American Psychiatric Association also defines mental illness as a â€Å"clinically significant behaviour and psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual associated with present distress, disability or loss of freedom† (Bryne, 2000). Mental illness is a major contributor to the burden of disease internationally, which has a major influence on the disability, co-morbidity, and mortality being experienced globally (CAMIMH 2007, Lauber Sartorius 2007). World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that about 450million people will suffer from some form of mental disorder with 13% of the global disease burden being made of schizophrenia, depression, epilepsy, dementia, alcohol dependence, neurological and substance-abuse disorders which exceeds both cardiovascular disease and cancer (National Institute of Health) moreover people with mental illness are more likely to be at risk of other health conditions as well. It is estimated that at least one member in every four families has a mental disorder and the primary caregivers of those affected are the family members and this brings some form of burden to these families, which are mostly ignored (WHO, 2010). Depression is estimated to be the second highest cause of disease burden in middle-income countries and the third highest in low-income countries by 2030 (WHO, 2010). Moreover, in addition to the health and social cost, which is a problem, there is also the victimisation of human rights violation, stigmatisation and discrimination of people with mental illness, which occurs both inside, and outside of psychiatric institutions (WHO, 2010). According some researchers, people with mental illness are at increased risk of drifting into or remaining in poverty through increased health expenditure, reduced stigma and loss of employment and associated earnings (Lund et al, 2911). This puts lots of pressure on people with mental illness and their families especially in low income or developing countries where it is more stressful (NSW, Department of Health, 2007). People diagnosed with mental illness are looked at differently in the world as compared to people who are diagnosed with general health problems. Thus most people have the impression that mental illness patients are strange, frightening, unpredictable, aggressive and lack self-control especially those diagnosed with mental disorders such as schizophrenia which is always associated with negative stereotypes of being very aggressive and dangerous (Crisp et al, 2000). Individuals suffering from mental illness for some time now have been at a higher risk of experiencing prejudice and discrimination and most of these prejudice leads to stigmatisation even within health institutions (Linden and Kavanagh, 2011). Prejudice can be said to be an emotional response to stereotypes which is tolerated where stereotypes are mostly unfavourable intercessions used to describe a group or persons based on their merits thus leading to discrimination which is the real behaviour based on prejudice (Lauber et al, 2006). Stigma and prejudice mostly play a basic role in the abuse of human right, which is sadly still being practiced, in some psychiatric institutions and care homes and remain the basis of mental health organisations in some developing countries in the world. Goffman (1963) cited in (Newton-Howes et al, 2008) describes stigma as a mark of shame or dishonour which can have a negative self esteem and appraisal on a the person thereby becoming a hindrance to recovery, moreover Gray (2002) also stated that, stigma was originally used to mark Greek slaves separating them from men. The stigma of mental illness although more often is related to context than to person’s appearance, still remains a powerful negative attribute in all social relations (Bryne, 2000) and the stigma of mental illness comes from the possession of a devalued attribute of an individual which is seen by society as a hostile response (Goffman, 1963) cited in (Newton-Howes et al, 2008). World Health Organisation (2011) states that stigmatisation of mentally ill patients by the healthcare providers is the worst form of stigma which affects the quality and rate of recovery. There are several evidence from other studies conducted by researchers from other populations which proves that stigma can sometimes been seen to pervade professional groups including mental health nurses. Research by Read and Harre (2001), found that negative attitudes are mostly displayed by mental health nurses towards patients who are disturbed which is mostly present in the patients at acute level of their illness. Health professionals mostly come into contact with people with mental illness regularly and they play an important role in shaping attitudes towards mental ill people. Moreover, these health professionals serve as a role model on how to approach people with mental illness however Schulze (2007), states that healthcare professionals have been identified to assume three main positions when it comes to stigmatisation and these include people with mental illness being stigmatised, they being stigmatised by their own association with mental illness and finally playing the role of advocator’s or de-stigmatises. Stigma affects the progression and healing of people with mental illness according to Perlick et al, (2001) and the loss of income, low self-esteem, loneliness, isolation, delayed seeking of treatment and many more are the results of stigma and discrimination towards people with mental illness (Sharac et al, 2010; illac et al, 2011). Creating major campaign of the awareness of stigmatising attitudes will support healthcare workers to be more reflective in the treatment methods towards people with mental illness. Sartorius (2007) stated that, people who suffer from mental illness do not frequently pursue treatment due to the fact that healthcare professionals including nurses are considered prime contributors of stigma and discrimination. Some staff who have been given special training in taking care of people with mental illness do hold negative stigmatising attitudes towards their patients as well which proves that stigma is not only held by individuals with lack of knowledge about mental illness even though educational intervention can help reduce its effect in the community or country as a whole (Burti and Mosher, 2003; Pinfold et al, 2003). Mental health services in Ghana are not well recognised as there are lots of inequalities in the provision of resources for this sector as compared to the needs of the general hospitals. Moreover there is still lack of knowledge about mental illness, which is a major contributor of stigma towards people affected with mental illness and the healthcare professionals who even take care of them. The population of Ghana has increased extremely since the country’s independence from 1957 resulting in the growing number of people suffering from mental illness (Ghana Statistical Service, 2003). Mental health service in Ghana is mostly available in primary health care yet the majority of care is provided through specialised psychiatric hospitals of which there are three (3) all located in the southern part of the country providing 7.08beds per 100,000 populations (Ghana Health Service, 2012). The WHO estimates that out of the 21.6 million Ghanaians, about 650, 000 are believed to be suffering from some form of severe mental disorder and 2,166, 000 are suffering from moderate to mild form of mental illness (WHO, 2007). Nevertheless, this estimate has not been recognised as a serious health issues and Ghana has not yet developed facilities and public health services including mental health care to keep up with the growing demand of these services and population expansion (Offori-Attah et al. 2010). According to the WHO Atlas Survey about 65% of beds in the psychiatric hospitals, are extremely unsatisfactory. The ratio of these beds in Accra the capital city of Ghana is 6.21:1 thus the total number of beds to the rest of the country indicating a high intensity of resources in the capital (Ofori-Atta et al, 2010). WHO has also reported that most psychiatric hospitals have scarce, undignified, and even harmful practices as well as unhygienic and inhuman living conditions (WHO, 2003). The main focus of psychiatric care today in the world is mainly on a number of key conditions such tolerance and non-discrimination being one of the most important aspect (Hannigan, 1999). Inadequate knowledge about mental illness and negative attitudes mostly towards individuals suffering from mental illness has been noted to be prevalent in the general public (Nordt, Rossler and Luber, 2006) thus most major research of attitudes towards people with mental illness has been mainly focused on the general public with the opinions of professionals who come into contact with the mentally ill specifically mental health workers recently being highlighted (Angermeyer Dietrich, 2006). Numerous challenges faced by mental health institutions such as lack of resources, increased work load and shortage of staffs put lots of burden on the nurses which negatively affects the quality of nursing care given to these patients therefore positive changes in mental health services will go a long way to impact on the role and practice of mental health nursing (Cleary, Walter and Hunt, 2005). Low job satisfaction plays a major role in the outcome of patients’ care and there have been lack of research in the country concerning this. Job satisfaction of healthcare professionals is a very important aspect that should not be neglected as it can affect the outcome of care given to these patients. Moreover, there are lots of evidence gaps in the country concerning mental health issues and that is the why it is important to conduct this research in order to fill some of these gaps. Job satisfaction is a complex situation, which can be construed, and it involves the absence of pain, oppressiveness and intolerance as well as enjoyment (Sultana and Begum, 2001). Studies on job satisfaction are mostly based on fountains of emotional response of the employees which is linked with some socio-cultural institutions and the personal elements such as pay, promotion, supervision, benefits, nature of work, co-workers, working condition, social status and many more (Sultana and Begum, 2001). 1.2 RATIONALE Research fills a very important aspect in the society where discoveries are made as well as confirming or rejecting ideas, controlling or predicting events and developing or refining theories. Thus one develops knowledge as a result of these functions from research. It is unsurprising that human right abuse is mostly related to the poor standard of mental health care in low-income countries such as Ghana and the need for ways to restraint is the most obvious choice for healthcare professionals in the absence of neuroleptics (Read, Adiibokah and Nyame, 2009). Studying the attitudes of healthcare professionals especially in the field of mental illness is important. According to Baker et al (2005), attitudes are made of cognitive, affective, and behavioural components, which are activated due to exposure of stimulus or objects. Moreover, the quality of nursing care provided by mental health professionals can be influenced by the attitudes of the nurses towards these patients (Baker, 2008). There have been several campaigns to change negative attitudes and promote positive attitudes towards mental health problems by some countries, which include the United States, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and India (Royal College of Psychiatrist (2001) and World Psychiatrist Association (2001). Ghana health service (GHS) is the main provider of biomedical care for mental illness in the country however there are just three government psychiatric hospitals in the country providing free healthcare for patients which are all located in the south of the country serving over 21million Ghanaians. All three hospitals have suffered from lack of resources to overcrowding with the end results being poor quality of healthcare. The status of mental health nurses in some communities is low and the advantage of being part of this profession has been dent with some form of stigma such as stigma by association or courtesy stigma (Hinshaw 2007, Thornicroft 2007, Halter 2008) whereby professionals associated with the care of people suffering from mental illness are judged by the same stereotyping stigma. It is therefore very important to explore the theoretical relationship between job satisfaction and professionals stigma towards mental illness. The focus of this study is to address some of the gaps in mental health concerning stigma and job satisfaction mental health nurses are facing in Ghana. The findings of this study will be a stepping stone to address issues that will come out as a result of the study or re-enforce any positive findings as well. The outcomes of this study may allow a greater understanding of how these attitudes are connected and the realistic outcomes can help to the strategize anti-stigma campaigns such as identifying shortfalls of certain groups or identifying logical way 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION To what extent do mental health nurses in Ghana stigmatise people with mental illness? What personal and professional background factors (including job satisfaction) explain the attitudes that Ghanaian mental health nurses have towards mental illness? What characteristics are associated with nurses’ attitudes towards mental illness? What is the rate of job satisfaction in mental health nursing and does it affect the care patients receive? 1.4 OBJECTIVES The main objective of this research is to evaluate the attitudes of psychiatric nurses in Ghana towards the care of mentally ill patients. The specific objectives are as follow: To identify the relationship and levels of job satisfaction and stigma towards psychiatric patients among Ghanaian mental health nurses. To determine prevalence of stigma among mental health nurses in Ghana. To explore the rate of job satisfaction in mental health nursing and the impact it has on the attitudes of nursing providing care for patients. To examine the characteristics associated with the attitudes on mental health nurses in Ghana. To disseminate findings to increase awareness and knowledge among healthcare professionals’ especially mental health nurses. The findings of this study will be used to: Develop programs and strategies to reduce stigma. Help create awareness of stigma in healthcare professionals. Develop policies to reduce stress in the hospitals. Suggest improvements/amendments to existing mental health policies. 1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS The following research hypothesis was formulated for testing: the researcher hypothesised that the more psychiatric nurses are satisfied with their job, the more they will exhibit positive attitude towards mental ill patients. The researcher also hypothesise that the more psychiatric nurses are stigmatised about their job, the quality of care they provide will be less and they will exhibit negative attitudes towards their patients

Love, Hate, and Marriage in Much Ado About Nothing :: Much Ado About Nothing Essays

Love, Hate, and Marriage in Much Ado About Nothing      Ã‚   In William Shakespeare's comedy "Much Ado About Nothing", the characters Beatrice and Benedick are involved in what could only be called a "love/hate" relationship.  Ã‚   The play is a classic example of this type of relationship, and allows us to view one from the outside looking in.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both Beatrice and Benedick are strong-willed, intelligent characters, who fear that falling in love will lead to a loss of freedom and eventually heartbreak.   This causes them to deny their love for each other and it is only through the machinations of other characters in the play that their true feelings emerge.   When these feelings are finally acknowledged, both characters are changed, but the changes are subtle.   They are neither drastic nor monumental.   Both remain who they were before, but now they the two are one. They gain everything and lose nothing.   Whether or not their love would have bloomed without the help of their friends, we will never know.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the beginning of the play, Beatrice and Benedick do not seem to like each other very much, if at all.   This can be seen in Act I; Scene I, (line 121- 131):      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   BENEDICK:  Ã‚  Ã‚   God keep your ladyship still in that mind! so some   gentleman   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   or other shall 'scape a predestinate  Ã‚  Ã‚   scratched face.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   BEATRICE:  Ã‚  Ã‚   Scratching could not make it worse, an 'twere such   a face as   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   yours were.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   BENEDICK:  Ã‚  Ã‚   Well, you are a rare parrot-teacher.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   BEATRICE:  Ã‚  Ã‚   A bird of my tongue is better than a beast of yours.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   BENEDICK:  Ã‚  Ã‚   I would my horse had the speed of your tongue, and   so good a   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   continuer. But keep your way, I' God's name; I have done.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   BEATRICE:  Ã‚  Ã‚   You always end with a jade's trick: I know you of old.    Were the reader to judge the relationship between the characters solely by the above lines, they would come to the conclusion that these characters much disliked, if not hated each other.   This is most likely not the case.   In today's world, with its knowledge of psychology, we are aware that this behaviour is   most likely a cover-up for other feelings.   In fact, many relationships begin with the parties involved denying attraction to each other Love, Hate, and Marriage in Much Ado About Nothing :: Much Ado About Nothing Essays Love, Hate, and Marriage in Much Ado About Nothing      Ã‚   In William Shakespeare's comedy "Much Ado About Nothing", the characters Beatrice and Benedick are involved in what could only be called a "love/hate" relationship.  Ã‚   The play is a classic example of this type of relationship, and allows us to view one from the outside looking in.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both Beatrice and Benedick are strong-willed, intelligent characters, who fear that falling in love will lead to a loss of freedom and eventually heartbreak.   This causes them to deny their love for each other and it is only through the machinations of other characters in the play that their true feelings emerge.   When these feelings are finally acknowledged, both characters are changed, but the changes are subtle.   They are neither drastic nor monumental.   Both remain who they were before, but now they the two are one. They gain everything and lose nothing.   Whether or not their love would have bloomed without the help of their friends, we will never know.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the beginning of the play, Beatrice and Benedick do not seem to like each other very much, if at all.   This can be seen in Act I; Scene I, (line 121- 131):      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   BENEDICK:  Ã‚  Ã‚   God keep your ladyship still in that mind! so some   gentleman   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   or other shall 'scape a predestinate  Ã‚  Ã‚   scratched face.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   BEATRICE:  Ã‚  Ã‚   Scratching could not make it worse, an 'twere such   a face as   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   yours were.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   BENEDICK:  Ã‚  Ã‚   Well, you are a rare parrot-teacher.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   BEATRICE:  Ã‚  Ã‚   A bird of my tongue is better than a beast of yours.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   BENEDICK:  Ã‚  Ã‚   I would my horse had the speed of your tongue, and   so good a   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   continuer. But keep your way, I' God's name; I have done.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   BEATRICE:  Ã‚  Ã‚   You always end with a jade's trick: I know you of old.    Were the reader to judge the relationship between the characters solely by the above lines, they would come to the conclusion that these characters much disliked, if not hated each other.   This is most likely not the case.   In today's world, with its knowledge of psychology, we are aware that this behaviour is   most likely a cover-up for other feelings.   In fact, many relationships begin with the parties involved denying attraction to each other

Diamond cites multiple factors Essay

A tale of two very similar farms, 500 years apart in time, in Montana and in Greenland respectively, sets the scene for Jared Diamond’s romp round the known world with an ecological bee in his bonnet. One farm prospered, and the other collapsed. Here ends the first reading, and sure enough, another few dozen parables of human folly follow immediately after. The book reads like a sequel to Diamond’s Pulitzer Prize winning title of 1997: Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies even though the focus this time is more firmly on the societies that failed. The same cherry-picking formula is used, and the same breezy tone makes Collapse a fairly easy read, despite its heavy theme and expansive range. The book’s central thesis is that it is geography, more than history, that ultimately causes the demise of individual human communities and societies. This is perhaps not surprising from a professor of geology and physiology at the University of California in Los Angeles. The frozen wastes of Greenland and the striking stone heads of Easter Island are presented as grim reminders of past civilisations. Diamond cites multiple factors such as environmental change, climate change, hostile neighbours, loss of trading partners and a poor response to emerging environmental problems as the causes of decline and ultimately the collapse of these societies. He is at his best when he talks about smaller, more isolated and pre-industrial groups, putting us all in mind of an earlier time when people generally lived in villages rather than cities. The book shifts, however, and applies the same kind of analysis to large city-based civilizations like the ancient Maya of South America and more mixed modern economies such as China and Australia. In these cases, as they say, the plot thickens and when Diamond gets his crystal ball out, he predicts that China, â€Å"the lurching giant† will have to apply its typical top-down draconian pressures to environmental issues in the same way that it enforced a strict curb on the birth rate. Diamond’s innocuous description of China’s brutal one child ruling as â€Å"family planning policies †¦ bold and effectively carried out† underplays the culture shift that would need to occur if ever a western democracy were to try a similar tactic in aid of environmental reforms. One can’t help thinking that Diamond has not yet got his head round the concept of globalization and the astonishing capacity that modern democracies have for technological solutions to the old crises of supply and demand of raw resources. His rather glib conclusion â€Å"Globalization makes it impossible for modern societies to collapse in isolation†¦ for the first time we face the risk of a global decline† simply expands the primitive pattern to a bigger scale. This book is a wake up call. Some of its claims are exaggerated, as when the situation of modern Australia is compared to â€Å"an exponentially accelerating horse race† which for Diamond means â€Å"accelerating in the manner of a nuclear chain reaction. † The metaphors may be hopelessly mixed, but the point he is making is clear and critically important. After a leisurely wander through most of human civilisation as we know it, Diamond draws sobering conclusions about the cost of mistakes that we should, theoretically at least, be able to predict and deal with before they become fatal and final errors. While we may not be able to agree with all of his conclusions, we certainly are in debt to Jared Diamond for providing us with, yet again, a gripping sequence of well-drawn episodes and plenty of food for thought.

I am going to examine the time taken for a whole tray of tomatoes Essay Example

I am going to examine the time taken for a whole tray of tomatoes Essay Example I am going to examine the time taken for a whole tray of tomatoes Essay I am going to examine the time taken for a whole tray of tomatoes Essay In this project I am going to examine the time taken for a whole tray of tomatoes to go bad when a single bad tomato is put in a particular position. I will see how this time changes when I vary the size of the tray and alter the starting position. I will start with a small tray and gradually the size of the tray will be larger and also the positions will move from corner to corner, side to side and so on. At the end of this project I want to be able to have a formula which will tell me how long it would take a bad tomato to spread over cover the whole tray when the first bad tomato is placed in a curtain position in the tray. Part 1 The diagram below represents the look of a tray with 16 tomatoes in it. The number 1 is there to show where the first bad tomato began. The other numbers 2,3,4,5 and 6 represent the number of hours that have gone. Therefore for example after two hours in the diagram below in total, which includes the 1 and all the 2s, 4 tomatoes have gone bad. 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 6 Hours (n) Total No. Of Bad Tomatoes 1st Difference 2nd Difference 1 1 3 2 4 1 4 3 8 0 4 4 12 -1 3 5 15 -2 1 6 16 The table on the previous page tells me what is involved in the nth term. The column labelled 1st Difference tells us the difference between the number of bad tomatoes in the first hour to the second hour and so on. The column labelled 2nd Difference is the difference between the figures in the 1st Difference column. When the differences become the same this is when I can stop. If there was a 2nd Difference column then that means there will be a 2 involved in the nth term. In total there are only 3 starting positions. They are one in the corner, one next to it on the side and one of the four squares in the middle. The tray above in a 4 x4 and in total it took 5 hours for all the tomatoes in the tray to go bad. The table just above this paragraph shows the total number of bad tomatoes. The columns towards the right hand side determine what the nth term will involve. If there are two differences that means the nth term will involve a 2. Now I am going to look at the same size tray with the bad tomato starting in another position. We can see now long it will take all the tomatoes in the tray to go bad. 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 6 5 4 3 7 6 5 4 Hours (n) Total No. Of Bad Tomatoes 1st Difference 2nd Difference 1 1 2 2 3 1 3 3 6 1 4 4 10 1 3 5 13 1 2 6 15 1 1 7 16 As it is possible to see from the table above there are two differences, which means that the nth term will involve 2. Now that I have found out that there is a 2 involved in the formula. I will now draw out a table in which I will find out the formula through trial and error. To begin with I will double the number and then 2 it. When I begin to see that there is something there I will 2 it and then double to try to get to the right number. n nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-n nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+n (nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+n) / 2 t 1 1 0 1 2 4 2 3 3 9 6 6 4 16 12 10 5 25 20 13 6 36 30 15 The nth term is: Part 2 Now I am looking at different sizes of trays and different positions in the tray. The first size I am going to look at is: 10 x 10 and the bad tomato will be positioned in the corner. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5 6 7 8 9 10 6 7 8 9 10 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 9 10 10 Now I am going to find out how many differences are involved. Hours (n) Total No. Of Bad Tomatoes 1st Difference 2nd Difference 1 1 2 2 3 1 3 3 6 1 4 4 10 1 5 5 15 1 6 6 21 1 7 7 28 1 8 8 36 1 9 9 45 1 10 10 55 Now I know that there is a 2 involved in the formula as there are 2 differences. So I will now place the numbers in table to find out the formula. To begin with I will double the number and then 2 it. If that does not work I will try to use different ways such as 2ing and then misusing the n number. N nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-n nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+n (nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+n) / 2 T 1 1 0 2 1 1 2 4 2 6 3 3 3 9 6 12 6 6 4 16 12 20 10 10 5 25 20 30 15 15 6 36 30 42 21 21 As it can be seen I found the formula in four steps and these steps I may use in other trays further in this project. The nth term is: nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+n 2 So by putting the numbers we know in the formula (hours) we can find out how many tomatoes go bad in particular number of hours in a 1010 tray with the bad tomato starting in a corner. Now I am going to look at another position on a 10 x 10 tray. The position I am going to look as is starting from the middle. 5 5 4 5 5 4 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 4 5 5 4 5 5 Now like previously in this project I am going to find out how many differences are involved so I can work out the formula. Hours (n) Total No. Of Bad Tomatoes 1st Difference 2nd Difference 1 1 4 2 5 4 8 3 13 4 12 4 25 4 16 5 41 6 61 7 85 8 113 9 145 10 181 As you can see from the table above there are two differences which means there is a 2 involved in the formula. The table on the next page will show my working outing out and how I got the formula. N nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+n nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-n 2(nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-n) 2(nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-n)+1 t 1 1 2 0 0 1 1 2 4 6 2 4 5 5 3 9 12 6 12 13 13 4 16 20 12 24 25 25 5 25 30 20 40 41 41 The nth term is: 2(nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-n)+1 Now I am going to use the same size tray, which is 10 x 10, and place the bad tomato on the side. 5 5 4 5 5 4 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 Now like previously in this project I am going to find out how many differences are involved. Hours (n) Total No. Of Bad Tomatoes 1st Difference 2nd Difference 1 1 3 2 4 2 5 3 9 2 7 4 16 2 9 5 25 6 36 7 49 8 64 9 81 10 100 As it is possible to view, there are also two difference here just like the others we have seen so far. It is also possible to see from the table above that the formula is not going to be very complicated. N nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ t 1 1 1 2 4 4 3 9 9 4 16 16 5 25 25 6 36 36 The nth term is: nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Conclusion: I have looked at different ways by which the bad tomatoes can spread. All of the nth terms above are not for a particular size tray. Even though I said I used a 10 x 10 tray that was only to start off with. In fact all the formulas above are really for large trays. I believe the main reason behind this investigation is to find out the a formula that by just knowing the size of the tray and exact position in the tray of the bad tomato will tell how long it will take for all the tomatoes to go bad. Before I write down the formula I will tell you how I arrived at it. The formula will tell you how long it will take to make all the tomatoes in the tray go bad. Firstly the formula should involved the size of the tray e.g. 6 x 8 and also must involved the starting position of the first bad tomato. Now that I have explained what have got to be in the formula, well, here it is. (a-x) + (b-y) a and b stand for the width and depth of the tray. x and y stand for the positioning of the first bad tomato. So, for example if we take a 8 x 6 tray with starting bad tomato at the position (4,4) the working to find how long it will take for the whole tray to go bad should look like: (a-x) + (b-y) (8-4) + (6-4) Answer: 6 hours

Free Essays on Evolution of Western Lit

Derek Martin The â€Å"Renaissance† or the â€Å"Age of Enlightenment† was an age of great advancement and restructure for all of Europe. Great advancements had been made in science, logic and mathematics. These developments greatly affected the literary arts in Western civilization. The Renaissance gave way the Neo-classical movement in literature. Neo-classicalism dominated literature from the late seventeenth until the early eighteenth century. Neo-classicalism was characterized by emotional restraint, logic, technical precision, clarity, and order. Appealing to the intellect rather than imagination and emotions. Romanticism was a movement in literature in the eighteenth and nineteenth century as a revolt against Neo-classicalism. Romanticism loved spontaneity, freedom from rules, and devotion from beauty. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century came way to the realist. Realism accurately depicts life and it’s problem. Realists gave a picture of modern life. In Tartuffe, the Neo-classic Playwright Moliere, paints a picture of a hypocritical thief attempting to swindle victims under the blanket of religious goodness. Tartuffe has the character Orgon so brainwashed that he is completely blind to his grand scheme. Moliere in a sense is criticizing the many corrupt individuals that may be considered pious. Moliere composed his plays during a time in the seventeenth century, when the way of life in France was changing dramatically. The developments in science were bringing about a new class structure, challenging the idea of a monarchy. During Moliere’s writing career he was subjected to certain guidelines, which shape every aspect of his plays. His art was forced to follow specific rules, called the three unities. These unities only allowed the play to cover the timeline of twenty-four hours, only taking place in one setting and must only involve one story. Moliere did not like this literary structure, and felt the ... Free Essays on Evolution of Western Lit Free Essays on Evolution of Western Lit Derek Martin The â€Å"Renaissance† or the â€Å"Age of Enlightenment† was an age of great advancement and restructure for all of Europe. Great advancements had been made in science, logic and mathematics. These developments greatly affected the literary arts in Western civilization. The Renaissance gave way the Neo-classical movement in literature. Neo-classicalism dominated literature from the late seventeenth until the early eighteenth century. Neo-classicalism was characterized by emotional restraint, logic, technical precision, clarity, and order. Appealing to the intellect rather than imagination and emotions. Romanticism was a movement in literature in the eighteenth and nineteenth century as a revolt against Neo-classicalism. Romanticism loved spontaneity, freedom from rules, and devotion from beauty. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century came way to the realist. Realism accurately depicts life and it’s problem. Realists gave a picture of modern life. In Tartuffe, the Neo-classic Playwright Moliere, paints a picture of a hypocritical thief attempting to swindle victims under the blanket of religious goodness. Tartuffe has the character Orgon so brainwashed that he is completely blind to his grand scheme. Moliere in a sense is criticizing the many corrupt individuals that may be considered pious. Moliere composed his plays during a time in the seventeenth century, when the way of life in France was changing dramatically. The developments in science were bringing about a new class structure, challenging the idea of a monarchy. During Moliere’s writing career he was subjected to certain guidelines, which shape every aspect of his plays. His art was forced to follow specific rules, called the three unities. These unities only allowed the play to cover the timeline of twenty-four hours, only taking place in one setting and must only involve one story. Moliere did not like this literary structure, and felt the ...

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 18

Economics - Essay Example Generally, in economics there are mainly four factors required for production: land, labor, capital and resources. Among all these factors, labors are the key assets of an organization, and only they are eligible to obtain the reward for the work being done by them. An earnings means the total outcome or output of a stipulated process. The concept of income is a major component in economics, which is closely related with the demand, supply, and consumer tastes and preferences. But as far the research or the analysis of the economists is taken in to consideration, there is dissimilarity between the concept of earnings and income. The term income inequality indicates that there is an irregular distribution of income among the individuals. Generally, the term income may be of in two ways, such as personal income and house hold income. If there is dissimilarity between earnings and income inequality, it is necessary to analyze the reasons for such difference, and also essential to compare such differences among two nations. Due to the difference in income and earnings potentiality, there should be a chance that it will affect the overall economic impact of the nation also. Besides, there is a close relation between the income inequality and the impact of globalization. While analyzing the point of view of economists, it is necessary to give stress for making comparisons of the variations in income and earnings of different nations, but such comparison should not be fair, if it takes place between developing and developed countries, both are different in their level of economy. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is a global entity, giving stress for various economic and social concepts for improving the overall economic development of various countries. It is very clear that the monetary income is some what related to the economic and social well being of both humans as well as the society as a whole. In

Online research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Online research - Essay Example He never admitted to causing the injuries until the infant’s doctor confronted him and told him to take the infant to the hospital. Having spent only a few days in the hospital, the infant was released and her grandparents were given custody of her as well as the rest of her siblings. Day, who had been working as a dispatcher in the communications center of his local police department since 2007, was fired immediately following his arrest. Day is not set to make his first appearance in court until July 29, 2010. Various organizations and businesses that focus on child abuse are involved in the case, such as The Department of Children and Family and the Children’s Advocacy Center. The form of abuse that was involved in this case was physical abuse, or aggravated battery. Child neglect was also part of this case as Day did not immediately seek medical attention after his daughter sustained the injuries brought on by his carelessness and abuse. The injury report that had been filed after the infant spent time in the hospital showed that the fractured femur could be older than the fractured skull, which suggests that the infant could have faced earlier instances of child abuse. This bit of information has caused the case to be ongoing as investigators try to figure out how long the infant has dealt with the abuse of her father, if her siblings have acquired any injuries due to abuse, and if the mother of the children was aware of what was going on. The overall effect of the abuse and neglect on the infant was physical damage, though the damage is not considered to be long-term or life threatening. The infant is also now not living with her biological parents, which is a painful separation for someone as young as she is. As an infant, she requires the bond and nurture of her biological parents, especially her mother. Though the physical damage may not be long lasting, the mental and emotional state of the infant can alter with